五一小長假臨近，高速免費(fèi)、自駕出行、跨省旅游成為熱門選擇。

然而，長沙市中心醫(yī)院（南華大學(xué)附屬長沙中心醫(yī)院）神經(jīng)內(nèi)科近日收治了多例在旅途中突發(fā)急性腦梗的患者，其中不少是外地來長游客。

With the five-day May Day holiday just around the corner, road trips, cross-province travel and no tolls on highways are set to become the norm for millions of travelers in China. But doctors are urging travelers to pace themselves — after a recent spike in acute stroke cases linked to grueling itineraries.

According to the Department of Neurology at Changsha Central Hospital (affiliated with the University of South China), several tourists have been admitted with acute ischemic stroke during their trips, many of them visitors to the city from other provinces.

• 據(jù)瀟湘晨報(bào)報(bào)道，58歲的張青（化名）從湖北自駕來湖南旅游，連續(xù)趕路近5小時(shí)未休息。下車后突然出現(xiàn)左側(cè)肢體無力、頭暈嘔吐、說話含糊不清。

  家人緊急將其送往醫(yī)院，經(jīng)頭顱CT檢查診斷為急性腦梗死。所幸從發(fā)病到就診僅過去2小時(shí)，仍在靜脈溶栓的黃金時(shí)間窗（4.5小時(shí)內(nèi)），且無禁忌癥，醫(yī)院立即啟動(dòng)靜脈溶栓治療，成功開通了堵塞的血管。目前張青肢體功能明顯恢復(fù)，仍在住院康復(fù)中。

One 58?year?old man from Hubei province drove nearly five hours without a break. After getting out of the car, the left side of his body suddenly felt weak and he experienced dizziness, vomiting, and slurred speech. Rushed to the hospital within two hours, he received intravenous thrombolysis and is now recovering well.

• 45歲的劉潤（化名）則隨家人進(jìn)行“特種兵式旅游”——一路緊趕行程、擠時(shí)間打卡景點(diǎn)，水都顧不上喝，且連續(xù)多日睡眠嚴(yán)重不足。

  一日早晨醒來他感到左側(cè)肢體麻木，尚能行走未重視，第二日下午行走不穩(wěn)，踉踉蹌蹌，這才來到醫(yī)院，同樣診斷為急性腦梗死，但已錯(cuò)過溶栓時(shí)間窗。據(jù)了解，目前劉潤病情緩解，仍在治療中。

Another patient, a 45?year?old man, opted for "commando?style tourism" — rushing between attractions with little sleep or water for days. He woke with mild numbness on his left side but ignored it. By the next day, he was stumbling. Diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, he had already missed the window for thrombolysis. His condition has improved, but he remains under treatment.

長沙市中心醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科主任醫(yī)師胡玨表示，急性腦梗又稱缺血性腦卒中，是指腦部血管突然被血栓堵住，導(dǎo)致部分腦組織因缺血缺氧而壞死。搶救的關(guān)鍵在于盡早開通堵塞的血管，每延誤一分鐘，就有大量腦細(xì)胞死亡。

"The holidays are meant for relaxation, but high?intensity travel puts immense strain on blood vessels," said Hu Jue, chief neurologist at Changsha Central Hospital. An acute ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks a vessel supplying the brain, causing tissue death due to lack of oxygen. "Every minute of delay costs millions of brain cells," Hu warned.

“假期本是放松身心的時(shí)光，但高強(qiáng)度出游會(huì)讓血管不堪重負(fù)。”胡玨表示，旅途腦梗高發(fā)主要有以下四大誘因：

① 極度疲勞與睡眠不足，身體處于應(yīng)激狀態(tài)、血壓波動(dòng)，加重血管內(nèi)皮損傷。

Extreme fatigue and sleep deprivation – The body stays in a state of stress, blood pressure fluctuates, and vessel linings are damaged.

② 出汗多但飲水不足時(shí)，血液濃縮；久坐不動(dòng)，血流緩慢，血栓形成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增加。

Dehydration plus prolonged immobility – Sweating without adequate fluid intake thickens the blood; sitting for hours slows circulation, raising clot risk.

③ 旅行中容易忘記規(guī)律服藥（如降壓藥、抗栓藥、降糖藥），或飲食高鹽高脂、過量飲酒，誘發(fā)血壓波動(dòng)、血栓形成。

Medication interruptions and dietary lapses – Travelers often forget regular meds (eg., for blood pressure, anti?clotting, or diabetes), or indulge in high?salt, high?fat foods and alcohol.

④ 環(huán)境變化刺激：溫差大、高海拔缺氧等，都會(huì)讓血管異常收縮或擴(kuò)張，加重心臟和血管負(fù)擔(dān)。

Environmental changes – Temperature shifts, high?altitude low?oxygen conditions can cause abnormal vessel constriction or dilation, stressing the heart and arteries.

五一出行防腦?！百N心守則”

針對五一出行，胡玨給出了六條預(yù)防急性腦梗的貼心建議：

①自駕每1~2小時(shí)進(jìn)服務(wù)區(qū)活動(dòng)活動(dòng)，促進(jìn)血液循環(huán)。

② 拒絕“特種兵式”行程，保證每晚7～8小時(shí)睡眠，讓身體充分休息。

③ 每日飲水不少于1500毫升，品嘗美食要適可而止，少油少鹽少酒，減輕血管負(fù)擔(dān)。

④ 慢病患者隨身帶藥，監(jiān)測血壓血糖，切勿因出游打亂用藥節(jié)奏。

⑤ 避免著涼及暴曬，遇事不急不躁，保持平和心態(tài)。

⑥ 連續(xù)駕駛不超過4小時(shí)，感到困倦立即停車休息，安全第一。

此外，胡玨特別提醒市民牢記“中風(fēng)120”口訣：

“1”看一張臉是否口角歪斜；

“2”查兩只手臂是否單側(cè)無力；

“0”聆聽語言是否清晰。

一旦出現(xiàn)上述任一癥狀，或伴隨劇烈頭痛、惡心嘔吐、視物模糊，應(yīng)立即撥打120，切勿等待觀察。腦梗救治的黃金時(shí)間窗僅有數(shù)小時(shí)，越早到達(dá)具備溶栓、取栓能力的醫(yī)院，腦細(xì)胞損傷越少，康復(fù)希望越大。

來源：中國青年報(bào) 瀟湘晨報(bào)等

跟著China Daily

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