據(jù)壹航運(yùn)最新獲悉：當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月11日，美國聯(lián)邦海事委員會（FMC）發(fā)布官方公告，稱其正密切關(guān)注當(dāng)前中東沖突對霍爾木茲海峽航運(yùn)狀況的影響。

根據(jù)其法定權(quán)限，美國聯(lián)邦海事委員會將確保作為公共承運(yùn)人的全球航運(yùn)企業(yè)因海峽及鄰近水域商業(yè)航運(yùn)面臨的威脅而實(shí)施的漲價(jià)、附加費(fèi)和收費(fèi)規(guī)則不違反美國《航運(yùn)法》！

美國聯(lián)邦海事委員會公告

美國聯(lián)邦海事委員會（FMC）在公告中鼓勵(lì)作為貨主、貨代的托運(yùn)人及時(shí)查閱船公司的收費(fèi)賬單。對于任何違規(guī)收費(fèi)或漲價(jià)等嫌違反服務(wù)合同行為，可及時(shí)向法院提起訴訟。

以下為美國聯(lián)邦海事委員會（FMC）公告原文及官方鏈接：

Commission Statement Regarding Strait of Hormuz Surcharges
委員會關(guān)于霍爾木茲海峽附加費(fèi)的聲明

The Federal Maritime Commission (FMC or Commission) is closely monitoring the impact the current conflict in the Middle East is having on shipping conditions through the Strait of Hormuz. Under its statutory authority, the Commission ensures that rates, charges, and rules that common carriers have implemented as a result of the threats to commercial shipping in the Strait and neighboring waters do not violate the Shipping Act.
美國聯(lián)邦海事委員會（FMC 或委員會）正密切關(guān)注當(dāng)前中東沖突對霍爾木茲海峽航運(yùn)狀況的影響。根據(jù)其法定權(quán)限，委員會確保公共承運(yùn)人因海峽及鄰近水域商業(yè)航運(yùn)面臨的威脅而實(shí)施的費(fèi)率、收費(fèi)和規(guī)則不違反《航運(yùn)法》。

Commission regulations at 46 CFR 520.8(a)(1&2)require common carriers to provide at least 30 days between the publication and effective date of a change to a tariff that results in an increased cost to shippers. 46 CFR 520.14(c) outlines a process through which a common carrier may submit a SpecialPermission (SP) request showing good cause to reduce this 30-day waiting period. The Commission reviews and votes on all SP requests. If an SP is granted, the approval will show the effective date permitted for the charge. Per 46 CFR 520.7(c), a tariff rate, charge, or rule must be in effect at the time the carrier or its agent receives cargo.
根據(jù)聯(lián)邦法規(guī) 46 CFR 520.8(a)(1&2) 的規(guī)定，公共承運(yùn)人必須在公布導(dǎo)致托運(yùn)人成本增加的運(yùn)價(jià)變更后，至少預(yù)留 30 天的通知期。46 CFR520.14(c) 概述了公共承運(yùn)人提交特殊許可(SP)申請的流程，該申請需說明縮短 30 天等待期的正當(dāng)理由。聯(lián)邦法規(guī) 46 CFR 520.7(c) 規(guī)定，運(yùn)費(fèi)、附加費(fèi)或收費(fèi)規(guī)則必須在承運(yùn)人或其代理人收到貨物時(shí)生效。

The Commission maintains a list of all common carrier tariff locations for Vessel-Operating Common Carrierand Non-Vessel-Operating Common Carrier.
委員會維護(hù)著船舶運(yùn)營公共承運(yùn)人和無船運(yùn)營公共承運(yùn)人所有公共承運(yùn)人收費(fèi)地點(diǎn)的清單。

Shippers are encouraged to access and review their common carrier’s tariff. Ocean common carriers are responsible for ensuring that service contracts and their amendments are filed in a timely and accurate manner, and for compliance with the Shipping Act’s statutory prohibitions against unjustly discriminatory practices, unreasonable prejudices, and unreasonable refusals to deal. Parties should be familiar with the terms of their service contract. If a service contract incorporates all or a portion of a carrier’s published tariff, then the associated rates, charges, or rules must be applied based on their effective date at the time of cargo receipt. Shippers are reminded that under the Shipping Act, filing suit in a court of law is the exclusive remedy for any alleged breach of a service contract, unless parties agree to an alternative dispute resolution forum. (46 U.S.C. § 40502(f)).

鼓勵(lì)托運(yùn)人查閱其承運(yùn)人的運(yùn)價(jià)表。海運(yùn)承運(yùn)人有責(zé)任確保服務(wù)合同及其修訂及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確地備案，并遵守《航運(yùn)法》中關(guān)于禁止不公正歧視、不合理偏見和無理拒絕交易的法定規(guī)定。各方應(yīng)熟悉其服務(wù)合同的條款。如果服務(wù)合同包含承運(yùn)人公布運(yùn)價(jià)表的全部或部分內(nèi)容，則相關(guān)費(fèi)率、費(fèi)用或規(guī)則必須根據(jù)貨物接收時(shí)的生效日期適用。托運(yùn)人請注意，根據(jù)《航運(yùn)法》，除非雙方同意采用其他爭議解決方式，否則向法院提起訴訟是針對任何涉嫌違反服務(wù)合同行為的唯一救濟(jì)途徑（ 46 USC § 40502(f) ）。

Alleging breach of a contract (i.e., a failure to comply with agreed-upon terms) is different than alleging that a common carrier might have violated the Shipping Act’s guidelines. The Commission may on complaint, or its own motion, investigate potential Shipping Act violations. Shipping Act violations, if found, may result in fines being assessed against the common carrier, or damages awarded to a shipper.
指控違反合同（即未能遵守約定條款）與指控公共承運(yùn)人可能違反《航運(yùn)法》的規(guī)定有所不同。委員會可根據(jù)投訴或主動(dòng)調(diào)查潛在的《航運(yùn)法》違規(guī)行為。如果查明存在違反《航運(yùn)法》的行為，委員會可能會對公共承運(yùn)人處以罰款，或判令其向托運(yùn)人支付賠償金。

Shippers should file a complaint with the Commission or contact the office of Consumer Affairs and Dispute Resolution Services if they are concerned that a carrier is acting in a manner that does not comply with 46 CFR Part 520.
如果托運(yùn)人擔(dān)心承運(yùn)人的行為不符合 46 CFR 第 520 部分的規(guī)定，則應(yīng)向委員會提出投訴或聯(lián)系消費(fèi)者事務(wù)和爭議解決服務(wù)辦公室。

原文鏈接：https://www.fmc.gov/articles/commission-statement-regarding-strait-of-hormuz-surcharges/