發(fā)展賦能與關(guān)系重構(gòu)：中國(guó)高層女性對(duì)外交往的實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新與全球影響

（作者：王連升）

摘要：在推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體與落實(shí)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程的背景下，中國(guó)的高層女性對(duì)外交往實(shí)踐已從傳統(tǒng)的人文交流，演進(jìn)為一種以“發(fā)展賦能”為核心、系統(tǒng)性融入全球治理的新型合作范式。本論文基于社會(huì)責(zé)任治理與女性主義國(guó)際關(guān)系理論，通過(guò)深度剖析菌草技術(shù)合作、老撾“天才媽媽”手工培訓(xùn)等典型案例，并結(jié)合中國(guó)維和行動(dòng)中女性角色的實(shí)證，揭示了該范式如何通過(guò)技術(shù)賦權(quán)、能力共建與和平貢獻(xiàn)三條路徑將婦女從受援對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)化為發(fā)展主體。研究認(rèn)為，中國(guó)的實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新體現(xiàn)為“務(wù)實(shí)項(xiàng)目驅(qū)動(dòng)”、“本土化適配”與“關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建” 的有機(jī)結(jié)合，為全球婦女事業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)了重要的公共產(chǎn)品與合作框架。同時(shí)，本文以批判性視角指出，當(dāng)前實(shí)踐在結(jié)構(gòu)性權(quán)力提升、項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性機(jī)制及跨文化性別話語(yǔ)融合等方面仍面臨深層挑戰(zhàn)。未來(lái)，需推動(dòng)從“生計(jì)改善”到“決策參與”的能級(jí)躍升，構(gòu)建多元協(xié)同的評(píng)估與支持體系，從而為加速全球性別平等進(jìn)程提供更具包容性與可持續(xù)性的中國(guó)智慧與中國(guó)方案

關(guān)鍵詞：婦女賦能；高層女性外交；南南合作；發(fā)展治理；性別平等

Abstract:In the context of promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, China's high-level women's diplomatic practices have evolved from traditional cultural exchanges to a new cooperation paradigm centered on "development empowerment" and systematically integrated into global governance. Based on theories of social responsibility governance and feminist international relations, this paper reveals how this paradigm transforms women from recipients to development agents through three paths: technological empowerment, capacity building, and peace contribution, by deeply analyzing typical cases such as the cooperation on JunCao technology and the handicraft training for "talented mothers" in Laos, and combining empirical evidence of women's roles in China's peacekeeping operations. The study argues that China's practical innovations are embodied in the organic combination of "pragmatic project-driven", "localization adaptation", and "relationship network construction", contributing important public goods and cooperation frameworks to the global women's cause. At the same time, this paper points out from a critical perspective that current practices still face deep challenges in terms of structural power enhancement, project sustainability mechanisms, and cross-cultural gender discourse integration. In the future, it is necessary to promote a leap from "livelihood improvement" to "decision-making participation", and build a diversified and collaborative evaluation and support system, thus providing more inclusive and sustainable Chinese wisdom and solutions for accelerating the global gender equality process.

Keywords:women's empowerment; high-level female diplomacy; South-South cooperation; development governance; gender equality

1. 引言：全球性別平等議程的十字路口與中國(guó)角色

聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程已進(jìn)入“行動(dòng)十年”，但性別平等（SDG 5）的全球進(jìn)程依然步履維艱。一方面，貧困、數(shù)字鴻溝、氣候變化及武裝沖突對(duì)婦女造成不成比例的影響；另一方面，婦女在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)及和平進(jìn)程中的代表性仍嚴(yán)重不足。在此背景下，國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)創(chuàng)新性、可操作的發(fā)展合作模式需求空前迫切。作為全球婦女事業(yè)的堅(jiān)定倡導(dǎo)者和行動(dòng)派，中國(guó)在實(shí)現(xiàn)自身婦女事業(yè)歷史性成就的同時(shí)，逐步形成了一套特色鮮明的高層女性對(duì)外交往與合作體系。這一體系超越了短期的、儀式性的人文互訪，致力于通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的、項(xiàng)目化的、能力導(dǎo)向的務(wù)實(shí)合作，助力發(fā)展中國(guó)家婦女突破發(fā)展瓶頸。

2025年全球婦女峰會(huì)的成功舉辦，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)正從全球性別平等事業(yè)的積極參與者，向重要倡導(dǎo)者和方案貢獻(xiàn)者轉(zhuǎn)變。本研究旨在對(duì)這一正在成型的“中國(guó)范式”進(jìn)行深層次的學(xué)術(shù)剖析。核心研究問題是：中國(guó)的高層女性對(duì)外交往，如何通過(guò)具體的實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新，重塑南南合作框架下的婦女賦能路徑？其運(yùn)作邏輯、成效與局限何在？為此，本文將綜合運(yùn)用案例深描、數(shù)據(jù)論證與批判性分析，力求在肯定其顯著貢獻(xiàn)的同時(shí)，進(jìn)行獨(dú)立、客觀的學(xué)術(shù)審視，以期為推動(dòng)更加公正、有效的全球婦女發(fā)展合作提供學(xué)理參考。

2. 理論透鏡：發(fā)展賦能、關(guān)系資本與交叉知識(shí)對(duì)話

理解中國(guó)的高層女性對(duì)外交往實(shí)踐，需借助發(fā)展的理論透鏡。

首先，“發(fā)展賦能”理論強(qiáng)調(diào)，真正的平等不僅在于提供資源，更在于培育個(gè)體與社區(qū)掌控自身生活、參與發(fā)展進(jìn)程的能力。中國(guó)實(shí)踐的核心，正是將技術(shù)、技能和市場(chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為婦女內(nèi)在的“可行能力”。

其次，“女性關(guān)系資本” 概念在此語(yǔ)境下凸顯價(jià)值。與注重層級(jí)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的傳統(tǒng)資本不同，女性關(guān)系資本側(cè)重于合作、網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建與情感聯(lián)結(jié)，其在社區(qū)動(dòng)員、知識(shí)傳播和信任建立中具有獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)。中國(guó)的合作項(xiàng)目往往有意或無(wú)意地培育和利用了這種資本，例如通過(guò)受益婦女帶動(dòng)社區(qū)，形成互助網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

最后，“交叉知識(shí)對(duì)話” 是破解“水土不服”難題的關(guān)鍵。有效的賦能不是單向的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移，而是中國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)與當(dāng)?shù)刂R(shí)、技能與文化背景的深度融合與創(chuàng)新性適配。這一過(guò)程要求摒棄“教師-學(xué)生”的預(yù)設(shè)，轉(zhuǎn)向平等的學(xué)習(xí)伙伴關(guān)系。

3. 實(shí)踐深描：多維賦能路徑的案例解構(gòu)

3.1 技術(shù)賦權(quán)：以菌草技術(shù)為紐帶的生計(jì)革命

菌草合作是詮釋“發(fā)展賦能”的典范。其成功并非偶然，而是一個(gè)技術(shù)本土化、受益主體化、效益網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的精密過(guò)程。

全過(guò)程分析：該項(xiàng)目的鏈條始于中國(guó)專家（如林占熺、林冬梅）的“手把手”在地化傳授，其關(guān)鍵是將復(fù)雜的實(shí)驗(yàn)室技術(shù)，簡(jiǎn)化為適應(yīng)熱帶氣候、本地原料和農(nóng)民認(rèn)知的實(shí)操步驟。在斐濟(jì)，塞魯瓦伊婭·卡布卡布從一名普通農(nóng)婦，成長(zhǎng)為掌握技術(shù)的菇農(nóng)，進(jìn)而當(dāng)選為斐濟(jì)蘑菇種植者協(xié)會(huì)主席，帶動(dòng)20余名婦女加入。在巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞，費(fèi)雷達(dá)·科拉羅姆更從技術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤巴翆＜摇?，她與中國(guó)專家共同培訓(xùn)了超過(guò)1500名當(dāng)?shù)貗D女、青年和殘疾人。這個(gè)過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)了從“輸血”到“造血”，從“一戶受益”到“一片致富”的躍遷。

多利益相關(guān)方視角：

· 受援國(guó)婦女：獲得了經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立、社會(huì)尊重和社區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力?？ú伎ú挤Q“菌草成就了我們的夢(mèng)想”。

· 中國(guó)技術(shù)專家：扮演了賦能者與橋梁角色，其成功深度依賴于長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)守、情感投入和對(duì)本地條件的尊重。

· 受援國(guó)社區(qū)與政府：獲得了一項(xiàng)可持續(xù)的減貧與社區(qū)發(fā)展方案。菌草技術(shù)的社會(huì)學(xué)價(jià)值已被證實(shí)，其在解決貧困、生態(tài)和性別問題上具有多重效益。

3.2 能力共建：老撾“天才媽媽”工坊中的文化賦能與市場(chǎng)鏈接

與菌草的技術(shù)導(dǎo)向不同，老撾“天才媽媽友誼工坊”項(xiàng)目展示了在文化技藝傳承和手工藝市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)造層面的精準(zhǔn)賦能。

該項(xiàng)目精準(zhǔn)對(duì)接了老撾婦女就地創(chuàng)業(yè)、兼顧家庭的需求。中國(guó)非遺傳承人田雅嘉和黃連將沒有簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)制中國(guó)紋樣，而是將復(fù)雜工藝拆解為“穿、繞、壓”三個(gè)核心步驟，并改良工具（如將金屬編織刀改為木質(zhì)刀柄），以適應(yīng)本地操作習(xí)慣。這種“教學(xué)法本土化”體現(xiàn)了深刻的跨文化敏感度。最終，16名學(xué)員不僅完成了128件作品，更有30件直接銷往中國(guó)云南，獲得了“第一筆手藝收入”。老撾婦聯(lián)主席評(píng)價(jià)，該項(xiàng)目“真正符合老撾婦女最迫切的需求”。這形成了一個(gè)“技能培訓(xùn)-產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)-市場(chǎng)銷售”的微型閉環(huán)，讓賦能直接可見、可感、可持續(xù)。

3.3 和平貢獻(xiàn)：女性維和人員作為“關(guān)系資本”的承載者

在沖突后地區(qū)，中國(guó)女性維和人員的作用超越了軍事或醫(yī)療任務(wù)本身，成為構(gòu)建和平、傳遞信任的獨(dú)特“關(guān)系資本”。中國(guó)已累計(jì)派遣1200余名維和女官兵及100余人次維和女警。

在黎巴嫩，婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生高妍為從未做過(guò)產(chǎn)檢的孕婦進(jìn)行超聲檢查，屏幕上胎兒心跳的畫面，成為了“重建人與人之間理解與信任”的溫暖瞬間。在剛果（金），女官兵被SOS兒童村的孩子們稱作“中國(guó)媽媽”。這些行動(dòng)展現(xiàn)了女性視角在維和中的不可替代性：她們以更強(qiáng)的共情力、溝通力和親和力，深入接觸當(dāng)?shù)貗D女兒童這一最脆弱的群體，增強(qiáng)了民眾對(duì)維和行動(dòng)的信任，讓和平重建工作更具人文溫度。中國(guó)女軍官辛源榮獲聯(lián)合國(guó)軍事性別平等倡導(dǎo)人獎(jiǎng)，正是國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)此價(jià)值的高度認(rèn)可。

4. 模式提煉：中國(guó)實(shí)踐的核心創(chuàng)新與內(nèi)在邏輯

基于上述案例，可以提煉出中國(guó)高層女性對(duì)外交往模式的三大創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：

4.1 以“小而美”的務(wù)實(shí)項(xiàng)目為驅(qū)動(dòng)引擎：區(qū)別于宏大但不易落地的綱領(lǐng)，中國(guó)的實(shí)踐聚焦于菌草種植、手工編織、婦幼健康等具體、可感知的民生領(lǐng)域。這些項(xiàng)目周期相對(duì)靈活，成效直觀（如收入增加、技能掌握），易于在當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)快速建立信任，形成示范效應(yīng)。

4.2 強(qiáng)調(diào)“本土化適配”與“授人以漁”的賦能哲學(xué)：無(wú)論是改良菌草品種、調(diào)整編織刀設(shè)計(jì)，還是錄制當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言的教學(xué)視頻，都體現(xiàn)出對(duì)本土知識(shí)、習(xí)慣和需求的深度尊重。其目標(biāo)不是依賴永久性外部援助，而是培養(yǎng)像科拉羅姆這樣的本土“火種”，實(shí)現(xiàn)知識(shí)的在地循環(huán)與再生。

4.3 構(gòu)建“政府-專家-社區(qū)-婦女組織”的協(xié)同網(wǎng)絡(luò)：實(shí)踐的成功離不開多元主體的協(xié)同。中國(guó)政府及基金提供政策與資金支持，技術(shù)專家和非遺傳承人提供核心知識(shí)與技能，受援國(guó)社區(qū)和婦女組織（如老撾婦聯(lián)）則負(fù)責(zé)動(dòng)員、協(xié)調(diào)與后續(xù)支持。這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將官方外交與民間交往緊密結(jié)合起來(lái)。

5批判性審視：成就光環(huán)下的挑戰(zhàn)與進(jìn)路

盡管成就顯著，但以學(xué)術(shù)的批判性視角審視，當(dāng)前模式仍面臨若干深層挑戰(zhàn)，這亦是未來(lái)創(chuàng)新的方向。

5.1 從“經(jīng)濟(jì)賦能”到“結(jié)構(gòu)性賦權(quán)”的進(jìn)階挑戰(zhàn)：當(dāng)前合作重點(diǎn)仍較多集中于經(jīng)濟(jì)層面的生計(jì)改善（“掙到錢”），而在推動(dòng)?jì)D女進(jìn)入社區(qū)、國(guó)家乃至全球決策核心（如地方議會(huì)、和平談判席位、國(guó)際組織管理層）方面，系統(tǒng)性的支持和顯著成效仍有待加強(qiáng)。賦能不應(yīng)止步于經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立，更應(yīng)通向平等的權(quán)力與話語(yǔ)權(quán)。

5.2 項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性的“后援時(shí)代”考驗(yàn)：許多成功案例尚處于外部專家深度介入的階段。項(xiàng)目的長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)性，高度依賴于能否成功構(gòu)建本土化的技術(shù)支撐體系、穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)渠道和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。例如，菌草產(chǎn)業(yè)在國(guó)內(nèi)推廣時(shí)，已暴露出種株成本高、土地配套難、缺乏綜合性運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)等產(chǎn)業(yè)化挑戰(zhàn)。在國(guó)際合作中，如何幫助受援國(guó)建立從生產(chǎn)到銷售的完整產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)，是避免項(xiàng)目“人走政息”的關(guān)鍵。

5.3 跨文化語(yǔ)境下的性別話語(yǔ)融合困境：中國(guó)的婦女發(fā)展模式根植于自身的社會(huì)文化背景與發(fā)展歷程。在向不同宗教、文化和性別規(guī)范的國(guó)家推廣時(shí)，可能存在理念與方法的張力。如何在與當(dāng)?shù)貗D女組織的平等對(duì)話中，探索更具文化敏感性和適應(yīng)性的賦能路徑，而非單一模式的移植，是一個(gè)需要持續(xù)反思的議題。有國(guó)際研究已經(jīng)開始從性別視角關(guān)注中國(guó)在全球南方的合作項(xiàng)目影響，這種外部學(xué)術(shù)審視也值得重視。

5.4 系統(tǒng)性影響評(píng)估機(jī)制的缺位：目前對(duì)項(xiàng)目成效的宣傳多集中于個(gè)案故事和產(chǎn)出數(shù)據(jù)（如培訓(xùn)人數(shù)），缺乏對(duì)其中長(zhǎng)期社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響、性別關(guān)系改變程度以及潛在負(fù)面效應(yīng)（如是否增加了婦女的無(wú)償勞動(dòng)負(fù)擔(dān)）的第三方獨(dú)立、系統(tǒng)評(píng)估。建立一套國(guó)際社會(huì)可理解、可驗(yàn)證的性別影響評(píng)估框架至關(guān)重要。

6實(shí)踐案例

6.1. “天才媽媽工坊”類項(xiàng)目雙維度評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系設(shè)計(jì)

為兼顧可操作性與深度，評(píng)估應(yīng)結(jié)合定量統(tǒng)計(jì)與質(zhì)性訪談，聚焦項(xiàng)目結(jié)束6-12個(gè)月內(nèi)的短期效果。以下是一個(gè)可直接應(yīng)用的指標(biāo)體系框架：

“經(jīng)濟(jì)-社會(huì)”雙維度短期效果評(píng)估框架

①經(jīng)濟(jì)賦能（評(píng)估維度）

收入與市場(chǎng)（核心指標(biāo)），- 平均月收入增加額/百分比 - 通過(guò)項(xiàng)目渠道銷售的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量與金額 - 新產(chǎn)品或高價(jià)值產(chǎn)品開發(fā)數(shù)量（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源），銷售記錄、學(xué)員訪談（具體測(cè)量方法）。

就業(yè)與生產(chǎn)力（核心指標(biāo)），- 從事手工藝生產(chǎn)的平均時(shí)長(zhǎng)（小時(shí)/周） - 單位時(shí)間產(chǎn)出效率（如編織速度）提升 - 掌握新技能/圖樣的數(shù)量（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源），生產(chǎn)日志、技能測(cè)試（具體測(cè)量方法）。

經(jīng)濟(jì)自主權(quán)（核心指標(biāo)），- 對(duì)個(gè)人收入支配感的自我評(píng)價(jià)（5分制） - 將收入用于子女教育、家庭健康等投資的案例（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源），焦點(diǎn)小組討論、深度訪談（具體測(cè)量方法）。

②社會(huì)賦能（評(píng)估維度）

個(gè)人能力與信心（核心指標(biāo)），- 在公開場(chǎng)合表達(dá)意見的意愿與頻率 - 自我效能感評(píng)分（“我能做成某事”的信心） - 基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算、設(shè)計(jì)或管理能力的提升（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源），問卷調(diào)查、觀察記錄（具體測(cè)量方法）。

社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與角色（核心指標(biāo)），- 在家庭/社區(qū)中參與事務(wù)討論的頻率 - 是否成為新學(xué)員的“導(dǎo)師”或技術(shù)顧問 - 與項(xiàng)目伙伴、市場(chǎng)買家的聯(lián)系緊密度（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源），社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖、關(guān)鍵人物訪談（具體測(cè)量方法）。

社會(huì)認(rèn)可與地位（核心指標(biāo)），- 家人（尤其是配偶）對(duì)其參與項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度變化 - 獲得社區(qū)/當(dāng)?shù)貦C(jī)構(gòu)的認(rèn)可或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源），家庭訪談、社區(qū)領(lǐng)袖訪談（具體測(cè)量方法）。

實(shí)施要點(diǎn)

· 基線調(diào)查：項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)時(shí)即測(cè)量上述指標(biāo)初始值。

· 混合方法：用數(shù)字衡量“收入變化”，用故事詮釋“信心提升”。例如，記錄一位婦女用第一筆收入為孩子繳學(xué)費(fèi)的具體事例。

· 參與式評(píng)估：邀請(qǐng)受益婦女共同解讀數(shù)據(jù)，確保評(píng)估反映她們的真實(shí)視角與價(jià)值判斷。

6.2.彌合數(shù)字性別鴻溝與防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的創(chuàng)新合作模式

超越基礎(chǔ)技能培訓(xùn)，需構(gòu)建一個(gè)技術(shù)、金融、安全、生態(tài)四位一體的系統(tǒng)性賦能模式。

模式一：建立“社區(qū)數(shù)字大使”與女性數(shù)字領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力網(wǎng)絡(luò)

· 做法：在對(duì)象國(guó)遴選并培訓(xùn)當(dāng)?shù)嘏猿蔀椤皵?shù)字大使”，她們通曉本地語(yǔ)言與文化，負(fù)責(zé)在社區(qū)層面提供設(shè)備使用輔導(dǎo)、基礎(chǔ)數(shù)字技能教學(xué)，并收集婦女的數(shù)字需求。

· 創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：破解“最后一公里”信任與文化障礙。中國(guó)合作方可提供線上課程、管理平臺(tái)和種子基金支持，形成“中央平臺(tái)+本地節(jié)點(diǎn)”的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。例如，借鑒中國(guó)“鄉(xiāng)村網(wǎng)紅”培育經(jīng)驗(yàn)，協(xié)助培養(yǎng)首批本土女性數(shù)字創(chuàng)業(yè)帶頭人。

模式二：開發(fā)“她力量”數(shù)字金融與電商賦能工具包

· 做法：與當(dāng)?shù)亟鹑跈C(jī)構(gòu)、電信公司及電商平臺(tái)（如Kilimall in Africa）合作，定制面向微型女性創(chuàng)業(yè)者的數(shù)字金融產(chǎn)品（如小額數(shù)字信貸、手機(jī)支付優(yōu)惠）和一鍵式開店工具包（含多語(yǔ)言界面、簡(jiǎn)化物流對(duì)接）。

· 創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：直接鏈接“技能”與“變現(xiàn)”。可設(shè)立“數(shù)字絲綢之路女性創(chuàng)業(yè)基金”，為使用該工具包并完成商業(yè)計(jì)劃的女性提供啟動(dòng)資金和流量扶持。

模式三：構(gòu)建多利益相關(guān)方網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力“聯(lián)防聯(lián)控”機(jī)制

· 做法：1) 平臺(tái)合作：與主流社交媒體平臺(tái)合作，開發(fā)并推廣本地語(yǔ)言版本的一鍵舉報(bào)、證據(jù)保存和心理健康支持資源；2) 線下支持：培訓(xùn)當(dāng)?shù)貗D女組織、社區(qū)中心的工作人員，成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力第一響應(yīng)人；3) 規(guī)則倡導(dǎo)：支持開展研究，發(fā)布多語(yǔ)種《數(shù)字空間安全指南》，并與當(dāng)?shù)卣咧贫ㄕ邔?duì)話，推動(dòng)完善相關(guān)法律。

· 創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：將“安全”視為數(shù)字賦能的前提而非補(bǔ)救，形成“平臺(tái)技術(shù)干預(yù)+社區(qū)支持+政策倡導(dǎo)”的全鏈條防護(hù)。

7 結(jié)論與展望：邁向更加包容、有效的全球婦女發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系

中國(guó)的高層女性對(duì)外交往，通過(guò)一系列以發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向的務(wù)實(shí)合作，成功地將婦女議題深植于南南合作與全球發(fā)展倡議的脈絡(luò)之中，為全球性別平等事業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)了寶貴的“中國(guó)行動(dòng)”。其核心貢獻(xiàn)在于，它提供了一條以具體項(xiàng)目為載體、以能力提升為核心、以關(guān)系構(gòu)建為紐帶的、可操作的婦女賦能路徑。

展望未來(lái)，為了推動(dòng)這一模式走向深化與升華，建議可在以下方向著力：

1. 目標(biāo)升維：在議程設(shè)置中，主動(dòng)納入并強(qiáng)化對(duì)婦女政治參與、公共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和數(shù)字時(shí)代話語(yǔ)權(quán)的支持，呼應(yīng)聯(lián)合國(guó)“平等決策權(quán)”的優(yōu)先行動(dòng)呼吁。

2. 生態(tài)構(gòu)建：從單個(gè)項(xiàng)目支持，轉(zhuǎn)向助力構(gòu)建“技術(shù)-金融-市場(chǎng)-社會(huì)企業(yè)”一體化的本土婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)生態(tài)體系，特別是利用數(shù)字化工具拓寬市場(chǎng)空間。

3. 評(píng)估革新：與受援國(guó)、國(guó)際組織及學(xué)術(shù)界合作，共同開發(fā)并應(yīng)用兼具量化指標(biāo)與質(zhì)性分析的性別影響評(píng)估工具，增強(qiáng)合作項(xiàng)目的透明度、學(xué)習(xí)性與國(guó)際說(shuō)服力。

4. 話語(yǔ)共建：在分享中國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同時(shí)，更主動(dòng)地搭建與發(fā)展中國(guó)家婦女、學(xué)者、活動(dòng)家進(jìn)行平等知識(shí)對(duì)話的平臺(tái)，讓全球婦女事業(yè)的敘事與實(shí)踐真正成為一個(gè)多元共創(chuàng)、文明互鑒的進(jìn)程。

最終，中國(guó)實(shí)踐的最大潛力，或在于其能否超越“項(xiàng)目輸出”思維，在全球婦女發(fā)展領(lǐng)域催化形成一種更加平等、包容、有效的多邊伙伴關(guān)系新文化，從而與各國(guó)一道，共同譜寫加速實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平等、構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的新篇章。

作者簡(jiǎn)介：王連升，研究員，構(gòu)建了一套獨(dú)特的可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想體系，其核心可概括為“一個(gè)辯證、兩大支柱”：即以“CSR為魂，ESG為體”的價(jià)值論實(shí)現(xiàn)工具理性與價(jià)值理性的統(tǒng)一；以“責(zé)任閉環(huán)”模型重塑企業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的系統(tǒng)哲學(xué)；以“價(jià)值沉默”戰(zhàn)略重構(gòu)企業(yè)在喧囂時(shí)代的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力生成路徑。兼任全球電子協(xié)會(huì)亞洲可持續(xù)發(fā)展委員會(huì)副主席、中國(guó)綠色供應(yīng)鏈聯(lián)盟綠色金融專委會(huì)委員、廣東省企業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究會(huì)CSR專委會(huì)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)，北京ESG研究院專家顧問，上海市計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)顧問。自2019年入職工業(yè)和信息化系統(tǒng)，深耕社會(huì)責(zé)任與可持續(xù)發(fā)展（供應(yīng)鏈責(zé)任追溯等）及政產(chǎn)學(xué)研用媒利益相關(guān)方影響等領(lǐng)域。支撐完成工業(yè)和信息化部課題40余個(gè)。發(fā)表諸如《綠色金融與電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的矛與盾》等學(xué)術(shù)研究200余篇。主導(dǎo)參與或編制《電子信息行業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任指南》等多項(xiàng)行業(yè)關(guān)鍵標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。主導(dǎo)編制《電子信息行業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任建設(shè)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展報(bào)告》行業(yè)報(bào)告6本。2022-2025年，被評(píng)為“2021年度中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)研究突出貢獻(xiàn)者”“2022年度電子信息企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任建設(shè)年度突出貢獻(xiàn)者”“2024年度全球電子協(xié)會(huì)亞洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)杰出服務(wù)服務(wù)個(gè)人”“2025全球電子協(xié)會(huì)亞洲標(biāo)委會(huì)杰出服務(wù)個(gè)人”“2025全球電子協(xié)會(huì)中國(guó)ESG杰出個(gè)人”。

Development Empowerment and Relationship Reconstruction: Practical Innovations and Global Impact of Chinese High-Level Women's Diplomatic Engagement

(Author: Wang Liansheng)

Abstract:In the context of promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, China's high-level women's diplomatic practices have evolved from traditional cultural exchanges to a new cooperation paradigm centered on "development empowerment" and systematically integrated into global governance. Based on theories of social responsibility governance and feminist international relations, this paper reveals how this paradigm transforms women from recipients to development agents through three paths: technological empowerment, capacity building, and peace contribution, by deeply analyzing typical cases such as the cooperation on JunCao technology and the handicraft training for "talented mothers" in Laos, and combining empirical evidence of women's roles in China's peacekeeping operations. The study argues that China's practical innovations are embodied in the organic combination of "pragmatic project-driven", "localization adaptation", and "relationship network construction", contributing important public goods and cooperation frameworks to the global women's cause. At the same time, this paper points out from a critical perspective that current practices still face deep challenges in terms of structural power enhancement, project sustainability mechanisms, and cross-cultural gender discourse integration. In the future, it is necessary to promote a leap from "livelihood improvement" to "decision-making participation", and build a diversified and collaborative evaluation and support system, thus providing more inclusive and sustainable Chinese wisdom and solutions for accelerating the global gender equality process.

Keywords:women's empowerment; high-level female diplomacy; South-South cooperation; development governance; gender equality

1. Introduction: The Crossroads of the Global Gender Equality Agenda and China's Role

The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has entered its "Decade of Action," yet the global progress towards gender equality (SDG 5) remains challenging. On one hand, poverty, digital divide, climate change, and armed conflicts disproportionately affect women. On the other hand, women are still significantly underrepresented in politics, economy, and peace processes. Against this backdrop, the international community's demand for innovative and actionable development cooperation models has never been more urgent. As a staunch advocate and activist for women's causes globally, China, while achieving historic advancements in its own women's cause, has gradually established a distinctive high-level women's diplomatic exchange and cooperation system. This system transcends short-term, ceremonial cultural exchanges and is committed to assisting women in developing countries to overcome development bottlenecks through long-term, project-based, and capability-oriented pragmatic cooperation.

The successful hosting of the 2025 Global Summit of Women marks China's transformation from an active participant in the global gender equality cause to an important advocate and contributor to solutions. This study aims to conduct a deep academic analysis of this emerging "Chinese paradigm". The core research question is: How do China's high-level women's external exchanges, through specific practical innovations, reshape the path of women's empowerment within the framework of South-South cooperation? What are its operational logic, effectiveness, and limitations? To this end, this paper will comprehensively utilize case in-depth description, data argumentation, and critical analysis, striving to conduct an independent and objective academic examination while acknowledging its significant contributions, with the hope of providing academic references for promoting more just and effective global cooperation for women's development.

2.Theoreticallens:Development empowerment, relational capital, and cross-knowledge dialogue

To understand the diplomatic practices of senior Chinese women, we need to use the lens of development theory.

Firstly, the "development empowerment" theory emphasizes that true equality lies not only in the provision of resources, but also in nurturing the ability of individuals and communities to control their own lives and participate in the development process. The core of China's practice is precisely to transform technology, skills, and market opportunities into women's inherent "feasible capabilities".

Secondly, the concept of "female relational capital" highlights its value in this context. Unlike traditional capital that focuses on hierarchy and competition, female relational capital emphasizes cooperation, network building, and emotional connection. It possesses unique advantages in community mobilization, knowledge dissemination, and trust building. Cooperation projects in China often intentionally or unintentionally cultivate and utilize this type of capital, such as by leveraging beneficiary women to drive community development and form mutual aid networks.

Lastly, "cross-knowledge dialogue" is the key to solving the problem of "not fitting in". Effective empowerment is not a one-way technology transfer, but rather a deep integration and innovative adaptation of Chinese experience with local knowledge, skills, and cultural background. This process requires abandoning the preset "teacher-student" relationship and shifting towards an equal learning partnership.

3. Practical Depiction: Case Deconstruction of Multi-dimensional Empowerment Pathways 3.1 Technological Empowerment: A Livelihood Revolution Linked by JunCao Technology

The cooperation in mushroom grass is a paradigm of "development empowerment". Its success is not accidental, but a precise process of technology localization, beneficiary subjectification, and benefit networking.

Whole-process analysis: The chain of this project begins with the "hands-on" local teaching by Chinese experts (such as Lin Zhanxi and Lin Dongmei). The key is to simplify complex laboratory techniques into practical steps that are suitable for tropical climates, local raw materials, and farmers' cognition. In Fiji, Seruwaiya Kabukabu grew from an ordinary farmer's wife to a skilled mushroom farmer, and was subsequently elected as the president of the Fiji Mushroom Growers Association, leading more than 20 women to join. In Papua New Guinea, Fedara Koralom transformed from a technical learner to a "local expert". She and Chinese experts jointly trained more than 1,500 local women, youths, and disabled people. This process achieved a leap from "blood transfusion" to "blood production", from "benefiting one household" to "making a fortune for the whole area".

Multi-stakeholder perspective:

·Women in recipient countries: They have achieved economic independence, social respect, and community leadership. Kabukabu said, "Juncao has made our dreams come true.".

·Chinese technical experts:They play the role of enablers and bridges, and their success is deeply dependent on long-term commitment, emotional investment, and respect for local conditions.

Recipient country communities and governments: A sustainable poverty reduction and community development program has been obtained. The sociological value of JunCao technology has been proven, and it has multiple benefits in addressing poverty, ecological, and gender issues.

3.2 Capacity building: Cultural empowerment and market connection in Laos' "Talented Mothers" workshop

Unlike the technology-oriented approach of JunCao, the "Gifted Mothers Friendship Workshop" project in Laos demonstrates precise empowerment in the areas of cultural skill inheritance and handicraft market creation.

This project precisely meets the needs of Lao women for local entrepreneurship while balancing family responsibilities. Tian Yajia and Huang Lian, inheritors of China's intangible cultural heritage, did not simply replicate Chinese patterns. Instead, they broke down the complex craftsmanship into three core steps: "weaving, winding, and pressing," and improved tools (such as changing the metal braiding knife to a wooden handle) to adapt to local operating habits. This "localization of teaching methods" reflects profound cross-cultural sensitivity. Ultimately, the 16 trainees not only completed 128 works, but also sold 30 directly to Yunnan, China, earning their "first income from craftsmanship." The president of the Lao Women's Union commented that this project "truly meets the most urgent needs of Lao women." This has formed a mini closed loop of "skills training-product production-market sales," making empowerment directly visible, tangible, and sustainable.

3.3 Peace contribution: female peacekeepers as bearers of "relational capital"

In post-conflict areas, the role of Chinese female peacekeepers transcends military or medical tasks themselves, becoming a unique "relational capital" for building peace and fostering trust. China has dispatched over 1,200 female peacekeeping officers and soldiers, as well as over 100 female peacekeeping police officers.

In Lebanon, gynecologist Gao Yan performed ultrasound examinations for pregnant women who had never undergone prenatal care. The image of the fetus' heartbeat on the screen became a warm moment of "rebuilding understanding and trust between people." In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, female soldiers were called "Chinese mothers" by the children of SOS Children's Villages. These actions demonstrate the irreplaceability of the female perspective in peacekeeping: they use stronger empathy, communication skills, and affinity to deeply engage with the most vulnerable group of local women and children, enhancing public trust in peacekeeping operations and bringing more humanistic warmth to peace reconstruction efforts. Chinese female officer Xin Yuan was awarded the United Nations Military Gender Equality Advocate Award, which is a high recognition from the international community of this value.

4. Pattern extraction: Core innovations and inherent logic of Chinese practice

Based on the aforementioned cases, three major innovations in the foreign exchange patterns of senior Chinese women can be distilled:

4.1 Driven by pragmatic "small yet beautiful" projects: Unlike grandiose yet difficult-to-implement programs, China's practices focus on specific and tangible areas of people's livelihood, such as mushroom cultivation, hand weaving, and maternal and child health. These projects have relatively flexible cycles and direct results (such as increased income and skill acquisition), making it easy to quickly establish trust in local communities and create a demonstration effect.

4.2 Emphasizing the empowerment philosophy of "localization adaptation" and "teaching people to fish": Whether it's improving the variety of mushroom grass, adjusting the design of the weaving knife, or recording instructional videos in local languages, it all demonstrates a deep respect for local knowledge, customs, and needs. The goal is not to rely on permanent external assistance, but to cultivate local "sparks" like Kolarom, enabling the local circulation and regeneration of knowledge.

4.3 Building a collaborative network of "government-experts-community-women's organizations": The success of practice cannot be achieved without the collaboration of multiple stakeholders. The Chinese government and funds provide policy and financial support, technical experts and intangible cultural heritage inheritors provide core knowledge and skills, while the recipient country's community and women's organizations (such as the Lao Women's Union) are responsible for mobilization, coordination, and follow-up support. This network closely integrates official diplomacy with people-to-people exchanges.

5 Critical examination: challenges and approaches under the halo of achievement

Despite remarkable achievements, when examined from an academic and critical perspective, the current model still faces several deep-seated challenges, which also point to directions for future innovation.

5.1The advanced challenge from "economic empowerment" to "structural empowerment": Currently, the focus of cooperation is still largely concentrated on improving livelihoods at the economic level ("making money"), while systematic support and significant achievements in promoting women's entry into community, national, and even global decision-making cores (such as local councils, peace negotiation seats, and management of international organizations) remain to be strengthened. Empowerment should not stop at economic independence, but should lead to equal power and discourse.

5.2 The "post-support era" test of project sustainability: Many successful cases are still in the stage of deep involvement by external experts. The long-term sustainability of a project heavily relies on whether it can successfully establish a localized technical support system, stable market channels, and industrial chains. For instance, when the mushroom grass industry was promoted domestically, it revealed industrialization challenges such as high seed cost, difficulties in land matching, and the lack of comprehensive operating enterprises. In international cooperation, how to assist recipient countries in establishing a complete industrial ecosystem from production to sales is the key to avoiding the situation where projects "cease to exist with the departure of personnel and policies".

5.3 The Dilemma of Gender Discourse Integration in Cross-Cultural Contexts:The development model of women in China is deeply rooted in its own socio-cultural background and development history. When promoting this model to countries with different religions, cultures, and gender norms, there may be tension between concepts and methods. How to explore more culturally sensitive and adaptable empowerment paths in equal dialogue with local women's organizations, rather than transplanting a single model, is an issue that requires continuous reflection. International research has begun to focus on the impact of China's cooperation projects in the global South from a gender perspective, and this external academic scrutiny is also worthy of attention.

5.4 Absence of a systematic impact assessment mechanism: Currently, the promotion of project effectiveness primarily focuses on individual case stories and output data (such as the number of trainees), lacking independent and systematic third-party assessments of its medium- and long-term socioeconomic impacts, the degree of change in gender relations, and potential negative effects (such as whether it has increased women's unpaid labor burden). It is crucial to establish a gender impact assessment framework that is comprehensible and verifiable to the international community.

6 Practical Case 6.1. Design of a Two-Dimensional Evaluation Indicator System for "Genius Mom Workshop" Type Projects

To balance operability and depth, the evaluation should combine quantitative statistics and qualitative interviews, focusing on the short-term effects within 6-12 months after the project ends. Below is a directly applicable framework for the indicator system:

"Economic-Social" Dual-Dimensional Short-Term Effect Evaluation Framework ① Economic Empowerment (Evaluation Dimension) Income and Market (Core Indicators) - Average Monthly Income Increase/Percentage - Number and Amount of Products Sold Through Project Channels - Number of New Products or High-Value Product Developments (Data Sources), Sales Records, Student Interviews (Specific Measurement Methods).

Employment and productivity (core indicators), - Average duration of engagement in handicraft production (hours/week) - Improvement in output efficiency per unit time (such as weaving speed) - Number of new skills/patterns mastered (data source), production logs, skill tests (specific measurement methods).

Economic autonomy (core indicator), - self-assessment of sense of control over personal income (on a 5-point scale) - examples of using income for investments such as children's education and family health (data sources), focus group discussions, in-depth interviews (specific measurement methods).

③　Social empowerment (evaluation dimension) - Personal ability and confidence (core indicators) - Willingness and frequency of expressing opinions in public - Self-efficacy score (confidence in "I can do something") - Improvement in basic computing, design, or management skills (data sources), questionnaire survey, observation records (specific measurement methods).

Social network and role (core indicators), - Frequency of participating in discussion of affairs in family/community - Whether to become a "mentor" or technical advisor for new trainees - Closeness of connection with project partners and market buyers (data sources), social network diagram, key person interviews (specific measurement methods).

Social recognition and status (core indicator), - Changes in family members' (especially spouses') attitudes towards their participation in the project - Recognition or awards from community/local organizations (data sources), family interviews, community leader interviews (specific measurement methods).

Implementation points:· Baseline survey: Measure the initial values of the above indicators at the start of the project.

Mixed methods:Using numbers to measure "income changes" and stories to interpret "confidence enhancement". For example, recording a specific instance where a woman uses her first income to pay her child's tuition fees.

·Participatory evaluation:Invite beneficiary women to jointly interpret data, ensuring that the evaluation reflects their true perspectives and value judgments.

6.2. Innovative cooperation models to bridge the digital gender gap and prevent risks

Beyond basic skill training, it is necessary to construct a systematic empowerment model that integrates technology, finance, security, and ecology.

Mode 1: Establishing a "Community Digital Ambassador" and Women's Digital Leadership Network · Approach: Select and train local women in the target country to become "Digital Ambassadors". They are proficient in local languages and cultures, responsible for providing equipment usage guidance, basic digital skills teaching at the community level, and collecting women's digital needs.

Innovation:Breaking the trust and cultural barriers in the "last mile". The Chinese partner can provide online courses, management platforms, and seed fund support to form a network of "central platform + local nodes". For example, drawing on China's experience in cultivating "rural internet celebrities", we can assist in training the first batch of local female digital entrepreneurial leaders.

Model 2:Developing a "She Power" Digital Finance and E-commerce Empowerment Toolkit · Approach: Collaborate with local financial institutions, telecommunications companies, and e-commerce platforms (such as Kilimall in Africa) to customize digital financial products (such as micro-digital loans, mobile payment discounts) and a one-click store opening toolkit (including multi-language interface, simplified logistics integration) for micro-entrepreneurs.

Innovation:Directly linking "skills" and "monetization". A "Digital Silk Road Women's Entrepreneurship Fund" can be established to provide startup capital and traffic support for women who use this toolkit and complete their business plans.

Mode 3: Establishing a "Joint Prevention and Control" Mechanism for Cyberbullying Involving Multiple Stakeholders ·Approach: 1) Platform Cooperation: Collaborate with mainstream social media platforms to develop and promote local language versions of one-click reporting, evidence preservation, and mental health support resources; 2) Offline Support: Train staff from local women's organizations and community centers to become first responders to cyberbullying incidents; 3) Rule Advocacy: Support research, publish the "Digital Space Security Guide" in multiple languages, and engage in dialogue with local policymakers to promote the improvement of relevant laws.

Innovation:Viewing "safety" as the premise of digital empowerment rather than a remedy, forming a full-chain protection approach of "platform technology intervention + community support + policy advocacy".

7 Conclusion and Outlook: Towards a More Inclusive and Effective Global Partnership for Women's Development

Through a series of development-oriented and pragmatic collaborations, senior Chinese women have successfully embedded women's issues within the context of South-South cooperation and global development initiatives, contributing valuable "Chinese actions" to the global cause of gender equality. Their core contribution lies in providing an operational path for empowering women, which is based on specific projects, focuses on capacity enhancement, and is linked by relationship building.

Looking ahead, in order to promote the deepening and sublimation of this model, it is suggested to focus on the following directions:

1.Goal dimension enhancement: In agenda setting, actively incorporate and strengthen support for women's political participation, public leadership, and discourse power in the digital era, echoing the United Nations' call for priority action on "equal decision-making power".

2. Ecological construction: Shift from supporting individual projects to assisting in building an integrated local women's entrepreneurship ecosystem encompassing "technology-finance-market-social enterprise", especially by utilizing digital tools to expand market space.

3.Evaluation Innovation:Collaborate with recipient countries, international organizations, and academia to jointly develop and apply gender impact assessment tools that incorporate both quantitative indicators and qualitative analysis, enhancing the transparency, learning potential, and international persuasiveness of cooperation projects.

4. Joint discourse construction: While sharing China's experience, we should more proactively build platforms for equal knowledge dialogue with women, scholars, and activists from developing countries, so that the narrative and practice of the global women's cause can truly become a process of diverse co-creation and mutual learning among civilizations.

Ultimately, the greatest potential of China's practice may lie in whether it can transcend the mindset of "project export" and catalyze the formation of a new culture of multilateral partnership that is more equal, inclusive, and effective in the field of global women's development. By doing so, China can work with other countries to jointly write a new chapter in accelerating the realization of gender equality and building a community with a shared future for mankind.

About the Author: Wang Liansheng, a researcher, has constructed a unique ideological system for sustainable development, the core of which can be summarized as "one dialectic, two pillars": namely, using the value theory of "CSR as the soul, ESG as the body" to achieve the unity of instrumental rationality and value rationality; reshaping the systematic philosophy of corporate sustainable development with the "responsibility closed loop" model; and reconstructing the core competitiveness generation path of enterprises in the noisy era with the "value silence" strategy. He concurrently serves as Vice Chairman of the Asia Sustainable Development Committee of the Global Electronics Association, a member of the Green Finance Special Committee of the China Green Supply Chain Alliance, Vice President of the CSR Special Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Sustainable Development Research Association, an expert advisor to the Beijing ESG Research Institute, and a consultant to the Shanghai Computer Industry Association. Since joining the industrial and information technology system in 2019, he has been deeply involved in the fields of social responsibility and sustainable development (supply chain responsibility traceability, etc.) as well as the influence of stakeholders from government, industry, academia, research, application, and media. He has supported the completion of more than 40 projects from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. He has published more than 200 academic research papers such as "The Spear and Shield of Green Finance and Sustainable Development in the Electronic Information Industry". He has led or participated in the preparation of multiple key industry standards such as the "Social Responsibility Guidelines for the Electronic Information Industry". He has also led the preparation of six industry reports, including the "Social Responsibility Construction and Sustainable Development Report of the Electronic Information Industry". From 2022 to 2025, he was awarded as "Outstanding Contributor to China Industry Research in 2021", "Outstanding Contributor to the Construction of Social Responsibility in Electronic Information Enterprises in 2022", "Outstanding Service Individual of the Asia Standards Committee of the Global Electronics Association in 2024", "Outstanding Service Individual of the Asia Standards Committee of the Global Electronics Association in 2025", and "Outstanding ESG Individual in China of the Global Electronics Association in 2025".