本文作者介紹：徐昕昕，時(shí)光派主編，報(bào)道抗衰與長(zhǎng)壽行業(yè)一切新鮮事

抗衰大家族中，羥基酪醇是不可忽視的”明星成分“，這種源自橄欖等植物的天然物質(zhì)，憑借獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)，逐步走進(jìn)大眾視野。

圖注：羥基酪醇結(jié)構(gòu)式

在羥基酪醇的功效清單里，打擊炎癥、對(duì)抗氧化，稱得上是“最出圈的兩大王牌”：精準(zhǔn)攻堅(jiān)——直擊公認(rèn)加速衰老的兩大重要因素；“喜聞樂見”——炎癥和氧化，抗衰路上誰(shuí)不怕？

但要說抗炎和抗氧化，也絕不是什么新鮮概念，不少抗衰物質(zhì)，都要和這倆能力沾點(diǎn)邊，那么羥基酪醇獨(dú)特在哪里？

No.1

改善炎癥：源頭到下游，全線操盤

在改善機(jī)體炎癥尤其是慢性炎癥上，羥基酪醇可以從源頭到下游因子，全面掌控炎癥。

源頭上，羥基酪醇通過抑制NF-kB，降低iNOS和COX-2等炎癥關(guān)聯(lián)基因表達(dá)，達(dá)到抗炎效果[1, 2]。而到了下游，對(duì)諸多耳熟能詳?shù)?strong>炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6與炎癥過程的趨化因子CXCL10等，羥基酪醇也都能顯著抑制[3, 4]。

No.2

對(duì)抗氧化：“救火”也預(yù)防，內(nèi)外兼修

對(duì)另一核心功效，抗氧化，羥基酪醇不僅能高效清除自由基，還提升了生物體內(nèi)如谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽還原酶、CAT（過氧化氫酶）等重要抗氧化酶的活性，直接拉升機(jī)體抗氧化能力[5]。

抗氧化，羥基酪醇傳之以“魚”，更授之以“漁”

也正因羥基酪醇扎實(shí)的抗氧化理論基礎(chǔ)，某商家宣傳時(shí)稱其“抗氧化能力是綠茶的十五倍，是輔酶Q10的三倍多”。

圖注：截取國(guó)外某健康平臺(tái)對(duì)商家公開羥基酪醇抗氧化數(shù)據(jù)的評(píng)論

盡管作者我肯定羥基酪醇的抗氧化能力，不過就與其他抗氧化物質(zhì)的功效對(duì)比而言，我認(rèn)為仍需多中心的交叉實(shí)驗(yàn)去論證。

當(dāng)我們由表及里去發(fā)現(xiàn)，在機(jī)制層面，羥基酪醇上調(diào)了長(zhǎng)壽蛋白SIRT1水平，改善衰老加速生物的健康狀況[6]。并且，無論是否向SIRT1“借道”，羥基酪醇都能顯著促進(jìn)自噬[7-10]。

以及，對(duì)有“生物體長(zhǎng)壽開關(guān)”之稱的AMPK信號(hào)通路，羥基酪醇也能有效激活[11-13]。

圖注：羥基酪醇激活A(yù)MPK調(diào)節(jié)線粒體自噬而改善肝脂肪堆積。圖源[13]

掌控“生命壓艙石”，羥基酪醇毫不意外在多方面表現(xiàn)出自己抗衰上的異稟天賦，大體涵蓋了調(diào)節(jié)心血管、免疫、呼吸、骨骼、胃腸道、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)與抗病毒、癌癥8大方面。

下面我們將選取部分功效與大家分享，如有上述未提且大家感興趣的方面，歡迎評(píng)論區(qū)交流~

No.1

心血管保護(hù)

以人類血液為樣本，羥基酪醇能減少血清血栓素并增加NO產(chǎn)生，表明出優(yōu)良的抗血小板聚集作用，效果與知名選手阿司匹林接近[14]。

同時(shí)，通過抑制血管細(xì)胞之間的內(nèi)皮黏附分子表達(dá)，羥基酪醇還具有預(yù)防動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、降低心血管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的功效[15]。

No.2

免疫調(diào)節(jié)

在免疫抑制的動(dòng)物模型中，羥基酪醇提高了免反應(yīng)中CD8+和CD2+ T淋巴細(xì)胞的表達(dá)，可緩解局部的免疫抑制，增強(qiáng)免疫力[16]。

No.3

神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)改善

對(duì)于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，羥基酪醇及其代謝物被發(fā)現(xiàn)可有效抑制退行疾病的重要標(biāo)志——tau蛋白與α-突觸核蛋白的異常沉積與聚集，降低生物大腦炎癥[17-19]，它也是難得能穿過血腦屏障的天然多酚。

其實(shí)，羥基酪醇同時(shí)也是神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)中的重要遞質(zhì)，多巴胺，在體內(nèi)的天然代謝產(chǎn)物[20]，這代表這一物質(zhì)不僅可通過外源補(bǔ)充，也能在機(jī)體內(nèi)生成。

圖注：能讓我們快樂的多巴胺，它的代謝產(chǎn)物就包含羥基酪醇

No.4

呼吸系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)

在呼吸系統(tǒng)中，羥基酪醇能通過調(diào)節(jié)自噬、抑制NF-kB信號(hào)減輕生物體肺損傷[21, 22]，在肺部纖維化等疾病中有良好的輔助治療功效[23]。

此外，當(dāng)生物體被動(dòng)暴露在吸煙環(huán)境中，羥基酪醇還能通過降低氧化應(yīng)激減少大鼠肺部損傷[24]。有了這種物質(zhì)，我們可能再不用擔(dān)憂“二手煙”的危害。

對(duì)于羥基酪醇，歐洲食品安全局（EFSA）早在2017年通過條例，認(rèn)可“認(rèn)可其作為一種新型食物（安全性良好，在各年齡段、50mg/kg劑量下未見不良反應(yīng)）。羥基酪醇目前已擁有GRAS（公認(rèn)安全）與FDA認(rèn)可的NDI（新型膳食成分）雙重身份認(rèn)證。

話不說多，今天文章就先寫到這邊，我這就去買了。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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