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社會學國際頂刊

Demography

（《人口學》）

的最新目錄與摘要

About Demography

Demography is the flagship journal of the Population Association of America. Since its founding in 1964, the population research journal

Demography

Demography presents the highest-quality original research of scholars in a broad range of disciplines that includes anthropology, biology, economics, geography, history, psychology, public health, sociology, and statistics. The journal encompasses a wide variety of methodological approaches to population research. Its geographic focus is global, with articles addressing demographic matters from around the planet. Its temporal scope is broad, as represented by research that explores demographic phenomena from past to present and reaching toward the future.

Journal Metrics

從引用熱度、學科定位、行業(yè)排名等多維度數(shù)據(jù)來看，《Demography》在人口學領域具備扎實的專業(yè)水準，其發(fā)表的研究成果獲得了學術界的廣泛認可，是該領域內(nèi)極具權威性與參考價值的核心期刊。

首先，該期刊的CiteScore（衡量期刊近兩年發(fā)表文獻在當前年度的平均被引用次數(shù)）為6.00。這一數(shù)值顯著高于人口學領域期刊的平均水平，直觀反映出其發(fā)表成果在學術界的引用熱度與傳播力，彰顯了較高的學術影響力。

其次，從學科歸屬來看，《Demography》的學科大類為“Social Sciences（社會科學）”，細分小類為“Demography（人口學）”，精準聚焦人口學領域的研究成果，是該學科方向的核心學術載體。 在人口學小類期刊的分區(qū)評價中，該刊穩(wěn)居Q1（即學科內(nèi)排名前25%的一區(qū)期刊）。

最后，在全球140種同小類期刊中，該刊綜合排名位列第11位，對應百分位為92%——這意味著該期刊的整體表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于全球92%的人口學同類期刊，處于絕對領先地位。

Current Issue

Demography 為雙月刊，最新一期（Volume 62, Issue 4 August 2025）的內(nèi)容，分為“Editorial”“Research Notes”“Articles”三個部分，共計15篇文章，詳情如下。

Contents

Editorial

Demograghy 62(4), 2025

A Note From the New Editors of

Demography

Hedwig E. Lee; M. Giovanna Merli; Marcos A. Rangel

Our term as the new coeditors of Demography, the flagship journal of the Population Association of America (PAA), began on July 1, 2025. We are honored by the trust the PAA has placed in us and are delighted that Demography will once again be hosted at Duke University—following in the footsteps of Ken Land, who served as editor from 2008 to 2010, and Phil Morgan, who coedited the journal with UNC's Barbara Entwisle from 1999 to 2001…

Research Notes

Demograghy 62(4), 2025

Widow and Widower Mortality in India: A Research Note

Megan N. Reed; Babul Hossain; Srinivas Goli; K. S. James; Aashish Gupta

Widowhood is associated with elevated mortality risk in many social contexts. This research note is the first study to quantify and contextualize the mortality risk of widowhood for men (widowers) and women (widows) in India. We do so by using data from the first wave of the India Human Development Survey (2004–2005) on individuals whose survival status was observed seven years later in the second wave of the survey. We find no differences in mortality by widowhood status for adults aged 60 or older. However, we find higher mortality risks for widows and widowers aged 25–59 than for individuals who are married. Despite the unique vulnerabilities experienced by Indian widows, we find similar levels of elevated mortality for widows and widowers relative to married individuals aged 25–59. In this age group, we also document higher mortality for widows exposed to conservative and less egalitarian gender norms. These findings suggest that despite India's similarity to other contexts with elevated mortality for both widows and widowers, unequal gender norms still shape life chances for Indian widows.

Dynamic Family Size Preferences During the COVID-19 Mortality Crisis: A Research Note

Letícia J. Marteleto; Sneha Kumar

In this research note, we examine how family size preferences evolved for women with and without children in response to changing COVID-19 mortality exposure during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We leverage spatiotemporal variation in COVID-19 deaths occurring during panel surveys in 2020 and 2021 with a population-based sample of 2,520 women, aged 18–34, across 94 municipalities in Pernambuco, Brazil. We use individual fixed-effects regressions to examine whether changes in municipality-level COVID-19 death rates are associated with changes in women's desired family size, net of their own or their family's COVID-19 infection status and other time-varying sociodemographic factors. We find that women with and without children at baseline responded differently to changing municipality-level COVID-19 deaths: while women without children did not change their desired family size, women with children saw a small but significant increase in their desired family size in response to rising COVID-19 mortality. These innovative findings suggest that women with children responded to widespread COVID-19-related loss within their communities by wanting to build and consolidate their families. We advance knowledge about varying contextual influences on fertility preferences during epidemics in a middle-income country with early and below-replacement fertility.

Beyond the Immediate Impacts of COVID-19 on Internal Population Movements in Mexico: Facebook Data Reveal Urban Decay and Slow Recovery—A Research Note

Miguel González-Leonardo; Carmen Cabrera; Ruth Neville; Andrea Nasuto; Francisco Rowe

Previous research has shown that internal mobility declined and outflows from large cities increased during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in many Global North countries. However, the longer term impacts of the pandemic on mobility levels and patterns across the rural–urban hierarchy and in Global South contexts remain poorly understood because of limited high-resolution data. Drawing on location data of Facebook users, we examine changes in long-distance movements (>100 kilometers) across population density categories in Mexico from April 2020 to May 2022. We find a 40% decline in long-distance movements during April–December 2020 relative to a prepandemic baseline, with the largest reductions—more than 50%—in flows to and from large cities. In contrast to Global North patterns, we observe no increase in outflows from large cities. Movement patterns gradually returned to baseline during 2021–2022, but recovery was slower in the most densely populated areas. Our findings provide the first medium-term evidence of how the pandemic affected internal mobility across the rural–urban hierarchy in a major Global South country. They highlight the distinct dynamics of mobility disruptions in highly urbanized and socioeconomically unequal contexts and demonstrate the value of digital trace data for studying population movements where conventional statistics are unavailable.

Half of the Picture: A Research Note on Measuring the Sexual Identity Composition of Couples

Christopher A. Julian; Hannah Tessler; Wendy D. Manning; Alexandra M. VanBergen; Claire M. Kamp Dush

Demographic estimates of sexually diverse coresidential relationships in the United States have traditionally concentrated on the sex composition of couples or the sexual identity of one partner alongside their relationship status. Using population-based dyadic data from the National Couples’ Health and Time Study, which encompasses U.S. coresidential partnered adults aged 20?60, we provide national estimates of couples’ sexual identity composition. Our findings in this research note indicate that, according to dyadic reports of sexual identity, 10.94% (confidence interval [CI]: 8.58, 13.85) of couples included a partner who identifies as sexually diverse, more than double the estimate derived from the reported sexual identity of one partner (4.31%, CI: 3.18, 5.80). Specifically, 2.44% (CI: 1.86, 3.20) of couples had both partners reporting a sexually diverse identity, while 8.50% (CI: 6.34, 11.30) had only one partner doing so. Bisexual-identifying individuals and those with another/multiple sexual identities frequently have partners who identify as heterosexual. In contrast, gay/lesbian and heterosexual-identifying adults often have partners with the same sexual identity. Our sociodemographic portrait also revealed notable variations in the sociodemographic characteristics of couples based on their sexual identity composition. We argue that capturing couples’ sexual identity composition further elucidates the demography of contemporary U.S. families.

Whose Parents Matter? Intergenerational Transmission of Earnings Arrangements in Different-Sex Couples: A Research Note

Wen Fan; Yue Qian

Over the past few decades, the United States has witnessed a gender revolution and transformation in family economic arrangements. However, little research has investigated the intergenerational transmission of earnings arrangements within different-sex couples, even though such knowledge illuminates the mechanisms underlying changes and continuities in the economic organization and gender relations within U.S. families. We use a life course perspective to examine whether and how different-sex couples’ earnings arrangements two years after the birth of their first child are shaped by their parents’ earnings arrangements across four periods (same life stage, contemporaneous, sensitive period, and cumulative). Two-generational panel data on different-sex couples and their parents are drawn from the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968–2021). Regression models indicate that women tend to contribute more earnings if their male partner's mother contributed a larger share to the family income either during the same life stage (two years after her first birth) or over the life course of the male partner. No similar patterns emerge for the earnings arrangements of the female partner's parents. This two-generational life course study underscores the importance of couples’ social origins and reveals the social (re)production of family economic arrangements and its gendered nature.

Articles

Demograghy 62(4), 2025

Life Expectancy and Health Expectancy in the Twenty-first Century: The Unthinkable, the Inconceivable, and the Unknowable

Eileen M. Crimmins

The last century witnessed an unprecedented rise in life expectancy; however, in recent decades the “unthinkable” has occurred—life expectancy stagnation, a dramatic drop in the U.S. international life expectancy ranking, rising midlife death rates, and widening socioeconomic and geographic disparities. The “inconceivable” has occurred with the high level of mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, which further exacerbated racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities and highlighted the vulnerabilities of long-term care systems and fragmented health policies. The “unknowable” future of mortality is explored through the lens of emerging work in geroscience based on an integration of biology with studies of aging populations, which offers some promise of potential interventions in the process of aging that underlies chronic disease resulting in mortality at older ages. However, transformative changes in social policy, health equity, behaviors, and legal rights are needed for the United States to improve its current situation. While the integration of biological understanding is likely to point to new avenues for improving population health and life expectancy, without immediate social changes, only a portion of the U.S. population is likely to be able to take advantage of these improvements, and the United States is likely to lag other countries in the level of life expectancy.

Mobility-Based Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas

Yongjun Zhang; Siwei Cheng

This article uses large-scale Global Positioning System daily movement data collected from mobile devices in U.S. metropolitan areas to develop a novel measure to quantify racial, ethnic, and income segregation experienced in activity space, which captures both local residential environments and the connected communities that individuals frequently travel to. We modify conventional spatial segregation measures in three ways. First, we switch from a distance-based to a mobility-based conceptualization of group exposure. Second, we introduce daily mobility data traced via mobile devices to empirically measure mobility connectedness between communities. Third, we decompose our segregation measures into within- and between-community components to uncover different sources of segregation. Combining daily mobility data with measures of community characteristics obtained from the U.S. Census, we show that mobility-based measures capture dimensions of segregation that are quite distinct from distance-based measures. Our mobility-based measures consistently indicate both strong own-group isolation in terms of individuals’ activity space manifested through their everyday movements and substantial heterogeneity in local mobility exposure even within communities of similar racial, ethnic, and income composition, particularly among minority communities. Our findings illustrate the value of combining mobility-based segregation measures with large-scale, geocoded human movement data to study racial, ethnic, and income segregation.

Female Advantages in Education and Union Formation: The Case of Colombia

Daniela R. Urbina

Although the reversal of gender gaps in education has been studied in industrialized countries, less is known about the implications of this phenomenon for union formation in low- and middle-income contexts, where high gender inequalities are persistent. This article fills this gap by studying the case of Colombia, where female advantages in education grew amid the prevalence of hypergamy norms regarding marriage and low economic returns to women's schooling. In particular, I examine whether the role of women's schooling for union entry and educational assortative mating changed as women gained more schooling across cohorts. To this end, I combine Demographic and Health Surveys and Colombia National Censuses, encompassing cohorts born between 1920 and 1980. My findings show that as gender gaps were reduced, the negative association between women's education and union entry increased among younger cohorts, in contrast to recent trends in high-income contexts. Nevertheless, analyses on marital pairings indicate an increase in educational hypogamy, suggesting changes in traditional patterns of assortative mating. These results advance current understandings of the demographic implications of overturning the gender gap in schooling in contexts of high gender inequality.

How Is Fertility Behavior in Africa Different?

Claus C. P?rtner

Sub-Saharan Africa's fertility decline has lagged behind that of other regions. Using large-scale, individual-level data, I provide new evidence on how fertility in sub-Saharan Africa compares with that in East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America by examining differences in fertility outcomes by grade level across regions. Unlike prior research that compared aggregate fertility and education outcomes, I estimate fertility outcomes separately for each combination of region, area of residence, age group, and grade level. I find that differences in fertility between sub-Saharan Africa and other regions increase with education up to the end of primary school and then rapidly decrease. There is little consistent evidence of differences among women with secondary education or higher. Moreover, for grade levels where fertility is significantly higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in other regions, the differences are substantially smaller for surviving children than for children ever born. Using women's literacy as a proxy for school quality, I show that the results for literacy rates follow a similar pattern to the fertility outcomes. Overall, the results suggest that higher offspring mortality and lower quality of primary schooling contribute to higher fertility in sub-Saharan Africa compared with other regions.

Is It Daddy Time Yet? Trends and Variation in Men's Employment Hours Around Childbirth: 1989–2020

Anita Li

Scholars continue to debate the progress of the gender revolution. Some argue that the gender revolution is stalled, whereas others see an emerging second half marked by men's increased involvement in the home. Using longitudinally linked monthly data from the 1989–2020 Current Population Survey, I show that U.S. fathers from more recent cohorts worked fewer hours around the time of a childbirth than earlier cohorts—evidence consistent with the second half of the gender revolution. The magnitude of change is modest but is larger among college-educated men, men with a college-educated partner, and men in dual-earner households. Changes across cohorts are entirely accounted for by men's increasing reports of parental leave usage. Findings shed light on the changing relationship between parenthood and work for men and suggest continued steps toward gender equality.

Child Migration in Eastern and Southern Africa: Tied and Orphaned

Ashira Menashe-Oren

Understanding the circumstances in which children migrate is important to ensure their well-being. Yet, child migration in sub-Saharan Africa is not easy to measure. Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) provide an excellent opportunity to estimate child migration in the region. I examine out-migration patterns of children younger than 15 in eastern and southern Africa, where adult mortality is high, fostering is prevalent, and households are dynamic. Using longitudinal data pooled from 15 HDSS, covering roughly 451,000 children, I find that most children who migrate do so with their mothers (tied migration). Moreover, an intergenerational link between a mother's and her child's mobility is evident: children whose mothers are migrants are more likely to migrate themselves. Despite some expectations of agency in child mobility in later childhood (for education or work), children who out-migrate independently of their mothers are often orphaned or have mothers living elsewhere. Maternal death is a forceful driver of child migration, especially within six months following a mother's death. Thus, orphaned migrants are exposed to the double shock of losing a parent and a change in their immediate environment. However, children in larger households tend to migrate less, somewhat dampening the mobility of orphans.

Increasing Educational Inequality in Biological Aging Among U.S. Adults Aged 50–79 From 1988–1994 to 2015–2018

Mateo P. Farina; Jung Ki Kim; Eileen M. Crimmins

Educational inequality in health has been increasing in the United States. The growth in health inequality has not been limited to specific conditions but has been observed across a wide range of outcomes, including disability, multimorbidity, self-rated health, and mortality. This study used data for adults aged 50–79 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess changes in biological aging across education groups over a 25-year period. We found that while biological aging slowed for each education group, educational inequality increased owing to greater improvements among those with the highest education levels. Specifically, biological age differences between adults with 0–11 years of schooling and adults with 16+ years of schooling grew from one year in 1988–1994 to almost two years in 2015–2018. Growing inequality in biological aging was not attenuated by changes in smoking, obesity, or medication use. Overall, these results point to an increasing difference in physiological dysregulation by education among U.S. older adults, which might remain a source of greater and growing inequality in morbidity, disability, and mortality in the near future.

Inequalities in the Duration and Lifetime Risk of Dementia in the United States

Péter Hudomiet; Michael D. Hurd; Susann Rohwedder

Dementia prevalence exceeds 40% for individuals in advanced old age, but that figure is not informative about the lifetime risk of ever having dementia or the risk of having dementia for different durations. This study presents U.S. nationally representative estimates of the probability of having dementia for at least six months or one, two, or five years before death and variation in this probability by sex, race and ethnicity, health, and socioeconomic status. We used a joint longitudinal latent variable model of cognitive status, dementia, and survival to derive estimates based on data from the Health and Retirement Study. We found a higher lifetime risk of dementia than found in earlier U.S. studies: 41.3% (CI: 39.3% to 43.2%) of those who died after age 70 had dementia assessed at six months before death. Further, 38.7% (CI: 36.8% to 40.5%), 33.6% (CI: 31.8% to 35.4%), and 20.1% (CI: 18.6% to 21.5%) had dementia one, two, and five years before death, respectively. The risk was higher for women, individuals with less education, non-Hispanic Black individuals, and those with lower lifetime earnings. Having had a stroke significantly increased the risk of dementia. Even though longevity is the strongest known risk factor, longer lived subpopulations have a lower lifetime risk of dementia as a result of their lower age-specific prevalence.

Retirement Trajectories and Health in Japan

Masaaki Mizuochi; James M. Raymo

The relationship between retirement and health is a critical issue in rapidly aging societies. Numerous studies have investigated the effect of retirement on subsequent health, but this research has paid little attention to heterogeneous patterns of retirement. To address this limitation, we examine the relationship between retirement pathways from full-time regular employment and health. Using the 2005–2019 Longitudinal Survey of Middle-aged and Elderly Persons conducted in Japan, the world's oldest country, we first use sequence analysis to identify distinct retirement trajectories at ages 59–66. We then evaluate alternative approaches to estimate relationships between these retirement trajectories and an index measure of self-rated health. Results of ordinary least-squares and inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment models show that both gradual and abrupt retirement are associated with worse health relative to continued regular employment. In contrast, estimates from instrumental variable models are imprecise and provide no clear evidence of a relationship between retirement trajectories and health. Results are generally robust to sensitivity checks. These findings help establish an empirical foundation for understanding the potential implications of heterogeneous retirement pathways for health at older ages in the context of mandatory retirement policies and rapid population aging.

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《中國社會學學刊》(The Journal of Chinese Sociology)于2014年10月由中國社會科學院社會學研究所創(chuàng)辦。作為中國大陸第一本英文社會學學術期刊，JCS致力于為中國社會學者與國外同行的學術交流和合作打造國際一流的學術平臺。JCS由全球最大科技期刊出版集團施普林格·自然(Springer Nature)出版發(fā)行，由國內(nèi)外頂尖社會學家組成強大編委會隊伍，采用雙向匿名評審方式和“開放獲取”(open access)出版模式。JCS已于2021年5月被ESCI收錄。2022年，JCS的CiteScore分值為2.0（Q2），在社科類別的262種期刊中排名第94位，位列同類期刊前36%。2025年JCS最新影響因子1.3，位列社會學領域期刊全球前53%（Q3）。

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