世衛(wèi)組織關于美國退出通知的聲明

作為世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）的創(chuàng)始成員國之一，美利堅合眾國為世衛(wèi)組織諸多重大成就作出了重要貢獻，包括根除天花，并在應對脊髓灰質(zhì)炎、艾滋病毒（HIV）、埃博拉、流感、結核病、瘧疾、被忽視的熱帶病、抗微生物藥物耐藥性、食品安全等眾多公共衛(wèi)生威脅方面取得了顯著進展。

因此，世衛(wèi)組織對美國通知退出世衛(wèi)組織深表遺憾——這一決定使美國自身和全世界都變得更加不安全。此項退群通知所引發(fā)的問題，將由世衛(wèi)組織執(zhí)行委員會在其2026年2月2日開始的例行會議上審議，并提交2026年5月舉行的世界衛(wèi)生大會年度會議進一步討論。

世衛(wèi)組織注意到美國政府在聲明中稱，世衛(wèi)組織“詆毀、污損并侮辱”了美國，損害了其獨立性。事實恰恰相反。如同對待所有會員國一樣，世衛(wèi)組織始終本著誠意與美國開展合作，并充分尊重其國家主權。

在美國的聲明中，還列舉了其退群理由之一是“世衛(wèi)組織在新冠疫情中的失職”，包括“阻礙及時、準確地共享關鍵信息”，并“隱瞞這些失誤”。誠然，在這場史無前例的全球衛(wèi)生危機中，沒有任何一個組織或政府能做到盡善盡美，但世衛(wèi)組織對其疫情應對行動問心無愧。在整個大流行期間，世衛(wèi)組織迅速采取行動，以透明、及時的方式向全球分享其所掌握的所有信息，并基于當時可獲得的最佳科學證據(jù)向各會員國提供指導。世衛(wèi)組織推薦使用口罩、接種疫苗和保持社交距離，但從未在任何階段建議強制佩戴口罩、強制接種疫苗或?qū)嵤┓怄i措施。我們支持各國主權政府根據(jù)本國情況做出他們認為最符合人民利益的決策——而這些決策權始終屬于各國政府自身。

早在2019年12月31日收到中國武漢報告“不明原因肺炎”聚集性病例的首份通報后，世衛(wèi)組織立即向中方要求提供更多詳細信息，并隨即啟動了突發(fā)事件應急管理系統(tǒng)。到2020年1月11日中國報告首例死亡病例時，世衛(wèi)組織已通過正式渠道、公開聲明和社交媒體向全球發(fā)出警示，召集全球?qū)＜遥l(fā)布了全面的技術指南，指導各國如何保護本國人民和衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)。2020年1月30日，世衛(wèi)組織總干事依據(jù)《國際衛(wèi)生條例》宣布新冠疫情構成“國際關注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件”——這是國際衛(wèi)生法框架下的最高警報級別。彼時，中國境外報告的病例尚不足100例，且無死亡病例報告。

在疫情暴發(fā)初期數(shù)周乃至數(shù)月內(nèi)，總干事反復敦促所有國家立即采取行動保護民眾，多次警告“機會之窗正在關閉”、“這不是演習”，并將新冠疫情稱為“頭號公敵”。

針對多項關于新冠疫情（包括對世衛(wèi)組織表現(xiàn)）的獨立審查，世衛(wèi)組織已采取措施加強自身工作，并支持各國提升其大流行防范與應對能力。我們在疫情緊急階段之前、期間和之后建立并運行的全天候（24/7）系統(tǒng)，為包括美國在內(nèi)的所有國家的安全作出了貢獻。

美國還在聲明中聲稱，世衛(wèi)組織“推行一種受敵視美國利益國家驅(qū)動的政治化、官僚化議程”。這一說法完全不符合事實。作為擁有194個會員國的聯(lián)合國專門機構，世衛(wèi)組織始終秉持公正立場，致力于服務所有國家，尊重各國主權，不偏不倚。

世衛(wèi)組織感謝所有會員國的支持與持續(xù)參與。各國仍在世衛(wèi)組織框架內(nèi)攜手合作，共同應對全球最嚴峻的健康威脅——無論是傳染性疾病還是非傳染性疾病。尤其值得一提的是，去年世衛(wèi)組織會員國通過了《世衛(wèi)組織大流行協(xié)定》，該協(xié)定一旦獲得批準，將成為保障全球未來免受大流行威脅的一項具有里程碑意義的國際法律文書。目前，會員國正在就該協(xié)定的一項附件——“病原體獲取與惠益分享機制”（Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing system）進行談判。若獲通過，該機制將促進對具有大流行潛力的病原體的快速發(fā)現(xiàn)與共享，并確保各國公平、及時地獲得疫苗、治療藥物和診斷工具。

我們希望未來美國能夠重返世衛(wèi)組織并積極參與其各項工作。與此同時，世衛(wèi)組織將繼續(xù)堅定不移地履行其核心使命和憲章賦予的職責：實現(xiàn)人人享有能達到的最高健康標準——這是所有人的一項基本權利。

WHO statement on notification of withdrawal of the United States

As a founding member of the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States of America has contributed significantly to many of WHO’s greatest achievements, including the eradication of smallpox, and progress against many other public health threats including polio, HIV, Ebola, influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety and more.

WHO therefore regrets the United States’ notification of withdrawal from WHO – a decision that makes both the United States and the world less safe. The notification of withdrawal raises issues that will be considered by the WHO Executive Board at its regular meeting starting on 2 February and by the World Health Assembly at its annual meeting in May 2026.

WHO takes note of statements from the government of the United States that say WHO has “trashed and tarnished” and insulted it, and compromised its independence. The reverse is true. As we do with every Member State, WHO has always sought to engage with the United States in good faith, with full respect for its sovereignty.

In its statements, the United States cited as one of the reasons for its decision, “WHO failures during the COVID-19 pandemic”, including “obstructing the timely and accurate sharing of critical information” and that WHO “concealed those failures”. While no organization or government got everything right, WHO stands by its response to this unprecedented global health crisis. Throughout the pandemic, WHO acted quickly, shared all information it had rapidly and transparently with the world, and advised Member States on the basis of the best available evidence. WHO recommended the use of masks, vaccines and physical distancing, but at no stage recommended mask mandates, vaccine mandates or lockdowns. We supported sovereign governments to make decisions they believed were in the best interests of their people, but the decisions were theirs.

Immediately after receiving the first reports of a cluster of cases of “pneumonia of unknown cause” in Wuhan, China on 31 December 2019, WHO asked China for more information and activated its emergency incident management system. By the time the first death was reported from China on 11 January 2020, WHO had already alerted the world through formal channels, public statements and social media, convened global experts, and published comprehensive guidance for countries on how to protect their populations and health systems. When the WHO Director-General declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern under the International Health Regulations on 30 January 2020 – the highest level of alarm under international health law – outside of China there were fewer than 100 reported cases, and no reported deaths.

In the first weeks and months of the pandemic, the Director-General urged all countries repeatedly to take immediate action to protect their populations, warning that “the window of opportunity is closing”, “this is not a drill” and describing COVID-19 as “public enemy number one”.

In response to the multiple reviews of the COVID-19 pandemic, including of WHO’s performance, WHO has taken steps to strengthen its own work, and to support countries to bolster their own pandemic preparedness and response capacities. The systems we developed and managed before, during and after the emergency phase of the pandemic, and which run 24/7, have contributed to keeping all countries safe, including the United States.

The United States also said in its statements that WHO has “pursued a politicized, bureaucratic agenda driven by nations hostile to American interests”. This is untrue. As a specialized agency of the United Nations, governed by 194 Member States, WHO has always been and remains impartial and exists to serve all countries, with respect for their sovereignty, and without fear or favour.

WHO appreciates the support and continued engagement of all its Member States, which continue to work within the framework of WHO to pursue solutions to the world’s biggest health threats, both communicable and noncommunicable. Most notably, WHO Member States last year adopted the WHO Pandemic Agreement, which once ratified will become a landmark instrument of international law to keep the world safer from future pandemics. Member States are now negotiating an annex to the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing system, which if adopted will promote rapid detection and sharing of pathogens with pandemic potential, and equitable and timely access to vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics.

We hope that in the future, the United States will return to active participation in WHO. Meanwhile, WHO remains steadfastly committed to working with all countries in pursuit of its core mission and constitutional mandate: the highest attainable standard of health as a fundamental right for all people.

歡迎來到醫(yī)食參考新媒體矩陣

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撰寫| 一線公衛(wèi)防控

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