考研英語精讀衛(wèi)報(bào)精讀TG-2023-07-09期筆記印度表示將關(guān)閉推特（PDF版+Word版）

7.9每日一篇|英語外刊社

India said it would shut Twitter off unlesscriticalusers wererestricted, says Dorsey
多爾西說，如果不限制批判的用戶，印度表示將關(guān)閉推特。
【1】India threatened to shut Twitter down unless itcompliedwith orders to restrict accountscriticalof the government’s handling of farmerprotests, the social media platform’s co-founder Jack Dorsey has said, anaccusationNarendra Modi’s government denied.
社交媒體平臺(tái)推特的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人杰克·多爾西（Jack Dorsey）表示，印度威脅要關(guān)閉推特，除非它服從命令，限制那些批評(píng)政府處理農(nóng)民抗議活動(dòng)的賬戶。納倫德拉·莫迪（Narendra Modi）政府否認(rèn)這一指控。
【2】Dorsey, who quit as Twitter’s chiefexecutivein2021, said on Monday that India had also threatened the company withraidson employees if it did not comply with governmentrequeststo take downcertainposts. “It manifested in ways such as ‘we will shut Twitter down in India’, which is a very large market for us, [and] ‘ we will raid the homes of your employees’, which they did – and this is India, ademocraticcountry,” Dorsey said in an interview with the YouTube news show Breaking Points.
2021年辭去推特首席執(zhí)行官職務(wù)的多爾西周一表示，印度還威脅推特，如果不遵守政府的要求，刪除某些帖子，將對(duì)其員工進(jìn)行突擊檢查。多爾西在接受油管（ YouTube）新聞?lì)l道Breaking Points采訪時(shí)說：“印度的表現(xiàn)方式有‘我們將關(guān)閉印度的推特平臺(tái)’（印度對(duì)我們來說是一個(gè)非常大的市場)，以及‘我們將搜查你們員工的住所’，他們確實(shí)這么做了，這就是印度，一個(gè)民主國家?！?br/>【3】India’sdeputyminister for information technology, Rajeev Chandrasekhar,respondedby calling Dorsey’sassertionsan “outrightlie”. “No one went tojailnor was Twitter ‘shut down’. Dorsey’s Twitterregimehad a problemacceptingthesovereigntyof Indian law,” he said in a post on Twitter.
印度信息技術(shù)部副部長拉杰夫·錢德拉塞卡（Rajeev Chandrasekhar）回應(yīng)道，多爾西的說法是“徹頭徹尾的謊言”。他在推特上發(fā)帖說：“沒有人入獄，推特也沒有被‘關(guān)閉’。多爾西的推特制度在接受印度法律主權(quán)方面有問題?！?br/>【4】Dorsey’scommentsagain put thespotlighton thestrugglesfaced by foreign technology giants operating under Modi’s government, and theshrinkingspace to protect freedom of speech while also complying with India’s increasinglydraconiansocial media laws. Modi and his ministers areprolificusers of Twitter, but free speech activists say hisadministrationresortstoexcessivecensorshipof any criticism. According to analysis of the company’stransparencyreports, legal demands made by the Modi government to remove content from Twitter increased by48,000between2014and2020.
多爾西的言論再次讓人們關(guān)注到，在莫迪政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下運(yùn)營的外國科技巨頭面臨困境，而且在遵守印度日益嚴(yán)厲的社交媒體法律的同時(shí)保護(hù)言論自由的空間在日益縮小。莫迪和他的部長們是推特的高頻用戶，但言論自由活動(dòng)人士表示，莫迪政府對(duì)任何批評(píng)都會(huì)過度審查。根據(jù)對(duì)該公司透明度報(bào)告的分析，2014年至2020年期間，莫迪政府提出的刪除推特內(nèi)容的法律要求增加了4.8萬條。
【5】Indiamaintainsthat its contentremovalorders are aimed at protecting users and thesovereigntyof the state. But Dorsey said many of the accounts that hadreceivedtakedownrequestswere “particularjournaliststhat werecriticalof the government”. Hisallegationsshed further light on the pressures placed on Twitter in2021as the Modi government sought to control thenarrativearound theprotests, when hundreds of thousands of farmers set upcampsaround Delhidemandingtherepealof a newagriculturallaw. Theprotestswere a source ofembarrassmentto the government.
印度堅(jiān)稱，其內(nèi)容刪除令旨在保護(hù)用戶和國家主權(quán)。但多爾西表示，許多收到刪除要求的賬戶都是“批評(píng)政府的特定記者”。他的指控進(jìn)一步揭示了2021年對(duì)推特施加的壓力，由于莫迪政府試圖控制有關(guān)抗議活動(dòng)的言論，當(dāng)時(shí)數(shù)十萬農(nóng)民在德里（Delhi）周圍設(shè)立了營地，要求廢除一項(xiàng)新的農(nóng)業(yè)法?？棺h活動(dòng)是政府處于窘境的根源。
【6】There wasoutrageafter hundreds of Twitter accounts that had mentioned theprotests, including those ofprominentjournalistsand news websites, weresuspendedat the request of the Modi government. This later grew into arowafter Twitterrestoredmost of the accounts, citing “insufficientjustification”, and refused to take down a further1,100accounts allegedly spreading “misinformation” .
在莫迪政府的要求下，暫停了數(shù)百個(gè)提到抗議活動(dòng)的推特賬戶，包括知名記者和新聞網(wǎng)站的賬戶，人們?yōu)榇藨崙嵅黄健Ｖ?，推特以“理由不充分”為由恢?fù)了大部分賬戶，并拒絕關(guān)閉另外1100個(gè)據(jù)稱傳播“錯(cuò)誤信息”的賬戶，這引發(fā)了爭吵。
【7】In response, Modi’s government threatened Twitter employees in India with fines andjailtime if the firm did not comply with their demands. The police also visited the Twitter offices as part of anotherinquiry,promptingTwitter to express concerns about the safety of staff. The altercations between Twitter and the Indian government havelessenedsince the platform was bought by Elon Musk in a $44bn (￡35bn) deal last year. India is Twitter’s third largest market after the US and Japan, but Musk hasslashedthe Indianworkforceby a reported90%.
作為回應(yīng)，莫迪政府威脅印度的推特員工，如果該公司不遵守他們的要求，將處以罰款和監(jiān)禁。作為另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查的一部分，警方還到訪了推特的辦公室，這讓推特?fù)?dān)憂員工的安全。自去年埃隆·馬斯克（Elon Musk）以440億美元（合350億英鎊）收購?fù)铺匾詠?，推特與印度政府之間的爭執(zhí)有所緩解。印度是推特的第三大市場，僅次于美國和日本，但據(jù)報(bào)道，馬斯克已經(jīng)將印度勞動(dòng)力削減了90%。
【8】Despite Musk’s proclamation to be a “free speechabsolutist”, Twitter appears to have willinglycompliedwith the Indian government’srequestsandpushedback less than under Dorsey. This was also stated by Chandrasekhar, who did not name Musk but said Twitter had been incompliancesince June2022. This included theremovalof around50accounts in January which had tweeted links to a BBCdocumentarywhichexaminedModi’s role in the2002Gujaratriots.
盡管馬斯克宣稱自己是“言論自由的絕對(duì)主義者”，但推特似乎愿意遵從印度政府的要求，而且在多爾西的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，推特的反擊力度較小。錢德拉塞卡也表示了這一點(diǎn)，他沒有提到馬斯克的名字，但表示推特自2022年6月以來一直遵守規(guī)定。其中包括在一月份刪除了約50個(gè)賬戶，這些賬戶曾在推特上發(fā)布了BBC紀(jì)錄片的鏈接，該紀(jì)錄片審查了莫迪在2002年古吉拉特幫騷亂中的角色。

①短語：1.原文：India said it would shut Twitter offunless critical users were restricted.

詞典:shut off/down 關(guān)閉；使停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

例句：It is required by law toshut downbanks which it regards as chronically short of capital.

法律規(guī)定資金長期短缺的銀行必須關(guān)閉。

2.原文：India threatened to shut Twitter down unless it complied withorders to restrict accounts critical of the government’s handling of farmer protests

詞典:comply with 遵從；服從；順從

例句：Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff tocomply witheven simple instructions.

令他們沮喪的是，管理者們常常很難讓他們的員工遵守即使是簡單的指示。

3.原文：Dorsey’s comments again put the spotlight onthe struggles faced by foreign technology giants operating under Modi’s government

詞典:put the spotlight on聚焦；引起關(guān)注

例句：It's a habit which has been drummed into usfrom an early age, but the recent news about flossing your teeth could be a waste of time hasput the spotlight onoral hygiene.

我們從幼時(shí)就開始培養(yǎng)刷牙的習(xí)慣，但最近卻有報(bào)道稱用牙線剔牙純屬浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，這也引發(fā)了人們對(duì)口腔衛(wèi)生問題的關(guān)注。

4.原文：His allegations shed further light onthe pressures placed on Twitter in 2021.

詞典:shed light on闡明；揭示；說明

例句：More details would haveshed light onthe thoroughness of its investigations.

更多的細(xì)節(jié)將闡明其調(diào)查的徹底性。

②長難句

1.原文：Dorsey,whoquit as Twitter’s chief executive in 2021,saidon MondaythatIndia had also threatened the company with raids on employeesifit did not comply with government requests to take down certain posts.

分析：本句包含一個(gè)定語從句、一個(gè)賓語從句和一個(gè)狀語從句。主句為“Dorseysaidon Monday ...”，“whoquit as Twitter’s chief executive in 2021”為非限制性定語從句，修飾Dorsey；“thatIndia... employees”為賓語從句；“ifit... posts”為條件狀語從句。

譯文：2021年辭去推特首席執(zhí)行官職務(wù)的多爾西周一表示，印度還威脅推特，如果不遵守政府的要求，刪除某些帖子，將對(duì)其員工進(jìn)行突擊檢查。

2.原文：ButDorseysaidmany of the accountsthathad received takedown requests were “particular journaliststhatwere critical of the government”.

分析：本句包含一個(gè)賓語從句和兩個(gè)定語從句。主句為“ButDorseysaid...”；“many of the accountswere particular journalists”為賓語從句，省略了關(guān)系詞that；“thathad received takedown requests ”為定語從句，修飾accounts；“hatwere critical of the government”為定語從句，修飾journalists。

譯文：但多爾西表示，許多收到刪除要求的賬戶都是“批評(píng)政府的特定記者”。

③背景知識(shí)：

據(jù)路透社報(bào)道，當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間6月12日，推特創(chuàng)始人杰克·多爾西（Jack Dorsey）在接受采訪時(shí)透露，印度、土耳其等國曾威脅說要關(guān)閉推特，除非推特遵守規(guī)定，對(duì)推特用戶實(shí)施限制。

當(dāng)天，多爾西在談及言論自由時(shí)表示，印度和土耳其等國曾多次要求推特刪除個(gè)別記者的賬戶或提供他們的信息。主持人隨后追問，當(dāng)有權(quán)有勢的人向推特公司提出要求時(shí)的具體情況。多爾西說：“以印度為例，在印度農(nóng)民示威時(shí)，或當(dāng)某些記者對(duì)印度政府發(fā)出尖銳批評(píng)時(shí)，印度政府都會(huì)向我們提出許多要求。”

2021年11月，多爾西辭去推特首席執(zhí)行官一職。路透社報(bào)道稱，這位前推特首席執(zhí)行官的言論引起了廣泛關(guān)注，因?yàn)樵谟《冗\(yùn)營的跨國公司公開批評(píng)政府是不尋常的。對(duì)于多爾西的“批評(píng)”，印度信息技術(shù)國務(wù)部長拉杰夫·錢德拉塞卡（Rajeev Chandrasekhar）駁斥稱，這是“徹頭徹尾的謊言”。錢德拉塞卡表示，多爾西和他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的推特團(tuán)隊(duì)一再違反印度法律。

值得一提的是，因不滿印度政府出臺(tái)農(nóng)業(yè)法案，2020年印度全國農(nóng)民爆發(fā)示威，持續(xù)至2021年底才平息。在此期間，推特上出現(xiàn)了不少批評(píng)莫迪政府的內(nèi)容，印度政府曾要求推特封殺包括“莫迪策劃屠殺農(nóng)民”熱詞以及有關(guān)推文和賬號(hào)。而推特時(shí)而配合印度政府刪除、隱藏有關(guān)推文，時(shí)而以“言論自由”為依據(jù)恢復(fù)違規(guī)賬號(hào)。因此，印度政府多次批評(píng)推特的合規(guī)性工作，稱推特不按政府要求行事將面臨法律后果，包括罰款甚至有關(guān)人員被判監(jiān)禁。

段落大意：

【1】推特聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人杰克·多爾西表示，印度威脅要關(guān)閉推特。

【2】推特前首席執(zhí)行官多爾西表示，印度威脅推特。

【3】印度信息技術(shù)部副部長錢德拉塞回應(yīng)道多爾西的說辭是“徹頭徹尾的謊言”。

【4】在莫迪政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，推特的言論自由大大減少。

【5】農(nóng)民抗議活動(dòng)是產(chǎn)生印度政府和推特對(duì)峙的根源。

【6】推特暫停了發(fā)布抗議活動(dòng)言論的賬戶，之后又恢復(fù)了大部分賬戶。

【7】莫迪政府威脅印度的推特員工，推特對(duì)員工的安全表示擔(dān)憂。

【8】推特自2022年6月以來一直遵守印度政府的要求。

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